北京300例0～6岁儿童缺铁性贫血调查及影响因素

Investigation on iron deficiency anemia and its influencing factors among children aged 0-6 years in Beijing

目的调查北京市取部分0～6岁儿童缺铁性贫血现状并分析其影响因素。方法随机选择北京市2013年6月至2014年1月的300例0～6岁儿童进行问卷调查及血常规、血清铁、血清铁蛋白含量、总铁结合力等检测，观察儿童缺铁性贫血分布现状，并对相关因素进行分析。结果①300例儿童缺铁性贫血96例，发病率为32．00％，轻度、中度、重度贫血分别为22．00％、8．33％、1．67％，7～12个月儿童缺铁性贫血发病率最高，为42．14％，≤6个月儿童发病率最低，为16．00％；②喂养方式、辅食添加时间、饮食情况、消化功能、母亲妊娠期贫血、早产均是影响北京市0～6岁儿童缺铁性贫血的关键因素（OR值分别为0．668、0．861、5．447、5．316、1．969、5．668，均P〈0．05）。结论北京市0—6岁儿童缺铁性贫血发病率有所降低，以轻度多见，应加强孕期保健，积极母乳喂养，改善饮食，6个月前给予积极地预防措施。

Objective To survey the current status of iron deficiency anemia among children aged 0 -6 years in Beijing and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods Totally 300 children aged 0 - 6 years randomly selected in Beijing were surveyed with questionnaires, and their blood testing, serum iron, serum ferritin content and total iron binding capacity were detected to observe the current status of iron deficiency anemia and analyze its related factors. Results Among 300 children, 96 cases were found with iron deficiency anemia, and the incidence was 32.00% , including mild, moderate and severe anemia of 22% , 8.33% and 1.67% , respectively. Children aged 7 - 12 months had highest incidence of iron deficiency anemia （42.14%）, and those under 6 months had lowest incidence of 16.00%. Feeding pattern, complementary feeding time, dietary, digestive function, maternal anemia during pregnancy, and premature birth were the key factors of iron deficiency anemia in children aged 0 - 6 years in Beijing （ OR value was 0. 668, 0. 861,5. 447, 5. 316, 1. 969 and 5. 668, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of iron deficiency anemia declines among children aged 0 - 6 years in Beijing. Mild symptom is common. Prenatal care should be strengthened with positive breastfeeding and improved dietary. Meanwhile, active preventive measures should be given before 6 - month old.