西安地区孕妇抑郁现况调查及影响因素分析

Survey on current status of depression among pregnant women in Xi'an and its influencing factors

目的调查妇女孕期不同阶段抑郁发生状况,探讨抑郁发生的相关因素。方法采取方便抽样方法对就诊西安地区某三级甲等妇幼专科医院的孕期妇女进行爱丁堡产后抑郁量表问卷调查,≥9分为诊断抑郁的临界值,对抑郁发生率最高的阶段进行二元L0gistic回归分析。结果孕中期、孕晚期和临产前抑郁症发生率分别为21.97%、13.87%、8.58%,其中,孕中期抑郁症的发生率显著高于孕晚期和临产前(x^2=4.830,P<0.05)。孕中期抑郁影响因素主要有性格、家庭居住条件、受教育程度、职业、怀孕是否在计划内、家庭人均月收入、夫妻关系、与公婆/父母关系(x^2值分别为28.649、30.706、35.831、32.417、17.061、21.264、4.685、18.986,均P<0.05)。性格、受教育程度、家庭居住条件、与父母/公婆关系、怀孕是否在计划内、谁照顾新生儿是孕中期抑郁发生的相关因素(OR值分别为0.651、0.835、1.366、1.469、1.486、1.102,均P<0.05)。结论孕中期妇女抑郁发生率高于孕晚期和临产前,其主要与性格、受教育程度有关。

Objective To investigate the incidence of depression among pregnant women at different pregnancy stage and explore its related factors. Methods Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale（EPDS） questionnaires were used to investigate the pregnant women visiting a three- leveled maternal and child specialist hospital in Xi＇ an with sampling method. Score ≥9 point was the critical value of depression. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted at the stage with highest incidence of depression. Results The incidence of depression in the second trimester, third trimester and pre-labor was 21.97% , 13.87% and 8.58% , respectively. The incidence of depression in the second trimester was significantly higher than that in the third trimester and pre-labor （χ^2 = 4. 830,P 〈 0.05 ）. The main influencing factors of the second trimester were temperament, family living conditions, level of education, career, whether planned pregnancy, family monthly income, relationship between couple, and family relationships （χ^2 value was 28. 649, 30. 706, 35. 831,32. 417, 17. 061,21. 264, 4. 685 and 18. 986, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Temperament, level of education, family living conditions, relationship with parents, whether planned pregnancy and who taking care of newborn were the related factors of depression at the second trimester （ OR value was 0. 651, 0. 835, 1. 366, 1. 469, 1. 486 and 1. 102, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of depression in the second trimester is higher than that in the third trimester and pre-labor stage. Temperament and the level of education are the major related factors.