基于基尼系数的交通拥挤收费定价模型

Pricing Model of Traffic Congestion Charging based on Gini Coefficient

双层规划模型是研究交通拥挤收费问题的一个有力工具,基尼系数是衡量资源分配是否公平的一个重要指标.利用基尼系数对传统双层规划模型的上层模型进行改造,在上层模型中加入基尼系数函数,构造一个网络收益尽可能大而基尼系数尽可能小的目标函数.同时在上层目标函数中,加入控制基尼系数的参数,通过选择适当的参数,可满足不同公平性要求的拥挤收费设计.算例表明,考虑基尼系数的拥挤收费设计,达到了缓解交通拥挤的目的,且交通公平得到改善.

Bi-level programming model is highly effective in researching traffic congestion charging. Gini coefficient is an important indicator to evaluate the equity of resource allo- cation. In this paper, Gini coefficient was used to transform the upper model of traditional bi-level programming model. Firstly, the Gini coefficient function was added in the upper model to form an objective function which aims at the larger network proceeds with smaller Gini coefficient. Secondly, parameters for controlling the Gini coefficient was added in the objective function of the upper model. Then, traffic congestion charging design with different requirements of traffic equity can be achieved by selecting the parameters. Shown from the example, traffic congestion is alleviated as expectation and traffic equity is improved in virtue of traffic congestion charging design based on Gini coefficient.