易性症与异装癖:当代艺术的身份危机——鲍德里亚对当代艺术的诊断与批判

Transsexualism and Transvestitism:Jean Baudrillard's Diagnosis and Criticism of Contemporary Art

法国哲学家让·鲍德里亚认为,当代艺术正在遭遇严重的危机,其主要症候之一,就是艺术(家)身份的危机。换句话说,就是艺术不要做自己,偏要做他者的危机。第一是不要做镜子,而要直接做镜中之物。第二是不要做作品,而要做商品;不要做图像或形式,而要做符号。第三是不要做艺术,而要做观念(哲学)。第四是不要做原作,而要做仿真。鲍德里亚认为,当代艺术面临的这种严重的身份认同危机与当代社会中流行的易性症和异装癖具有同源性,或者说,易性症和异装癖可视为艺术领域中这种身份认同焦虑的绝妙注脚。鲍德里亚确信,易性神话,包括迈克·杰克逊等人的异装癖、雌雄同体和阴阳人变体的传奇在内,已然成为艺术领域中富有仿真意义和反讽意涵的叙事形式。在艺术领域,异装癖规则甚至变成了我们行为的基础,甚至是我们寻找认同和差异的基础。鲍德里亚对当代艺术危机的诊断也许过于极端和片面,但是,对当今中国浮躁的、充满泡沫的艺术界,无疑具有很好的警示意义。

Baudrillard argued that,as far as identity was concerned,there were a series of crises in contemporary art：First,it preferred being the mirror to being the object reflected;second,it preferred being a commodity to being a work;third,it preferred being a concept（philosophy）to being art;fourth,it preferred being a simulation to being an original.According to Baudrillard,artists shared the same changeableness and the same anxiousness about their own identity with transsexualism and transvestitism.Therefore,he suggested that contemporary art share an even deeper homology with transsexualism or transvestitism.The rule of transvestitism has become the very basis of our behaviour,even in our own search for identity and difference.The judgment of contemporary art by Jean Baudrillard may at first strike one as extreme,but it will have great warning significance and enlightenment in building a new and healthy Chinese art market.