钱乙辨治儿科4种常见病的学术经验探析

Analyze Qian Yi's Clinical Experiences of Differentiate and Treat Pediatrics Four Common Diseases

[目的]探讨钱乙辨治疮疹、惊风、疳证、吐泻等儿科4种常见疾病的临床经验及学术特色。[方法]通过系统研读《小儿药证直诀》,梳理分析书中疮疹、惊风、疳证、吐泻等相关内容,归纳钱乙治疗上述4种疾病的学术特色,并进一步提炼总结钱乙辨治儿科疾病的学术经验。[结果]钱乙认为,疮疹的病因为"外感天行,内蕴热毒",并详细记述其病初症状;钱乙对惊风以急慢分论,认为"凡急慢惊阴阳异证,切宜辨而治之";钱乙对疳证提出应以肝、心、肺、脾、肾、筋、骨疳论治;论治小儿夏秋吐泻,则注重气候变化对脾胃的影响,又从多方面的症状表现辨别其脏腑的寒热虚实程度等。[结论]钱乙辨治儿科疾病立论公允,辨析精当,对后世辨治儿科诸病多有启发,影响甚大,值得进一步研习。

[Objective]To analyze Qian Yi＇s clinical experiences and academic characteristics of differentiate and treat pediatrics four common diseases--acne and urticaria,infantile convulsion,children＇s malnutrition and vomiting and diarrhea. [Method]Through reading the book,Xiao＇er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue, then sorting out and analyzing the details related to the four common diseases,we generalize Qian Yi＇s academic characteristics of treating them. Then we further summarize his clinical experiences of differentiating and treating pediatrics diseases. [Result]Qian Yi considered the acne and urticaria due to exogenous pathogenic factors and accumulation of sthenia-heat,and described the early symptoms of the disease in detail. He classified infantile convulsion as acute and chronic,believing that acute and chronic infantile convulsions were different in Yin and Yang syndromes,and should be differentiated and treated carefully. On treating children＇s malnutrition,he divided them into seven respects--liver,heart,lung,spleen,kidney,tendons and bones malnutrition. For children＇s vomiting and diarrhea in summer and autumn,he paid attention to the impact of climate change on spleen and stomach and the cold or heat,asthenia or sthenia degree of viscera differentiated from lots of symptoms. [Conclusion]Qian Yi ＇s theories of differentiating and treating pediatrics diseases are fair and accurate,inspiring the pediatrician to differentiate and treat pediatrics diseases and producing great influence on later.