语言、寓言与修辞——论伊格尔顿文学批评中的政治内涵

Language, Allegory and Rhetoric——Political Connotations in Eagleton's Literary Criticism

伊格尔顿是反"本质"论者,他把对"文学"的命名看做是各种现实关系相互纠葛所形成的某项事件。伊格尔顿从对语言的分析出发,将其与现实的话语相连,引入本雅明的"寓言"概念,企图从中找出从语言通往现实秩序的入口,而修辞理论则是伊格尔顿语言关系现实化工作的深入。修辞强调对话性与公共性,这正是现代性建立以来逐步失去的东西,而批评的意义就在于重新唤醒修辞的力量,让个体与其生存的现实秩序变得更具互动性。

Literarily, Eagleton can be seen as an anti-essentialist. His definition of ＇literature＇ is as of an event shaped out of various realistic relations. Starting from language analysis, he relates literature to realistic discourse. In his opinion, the means that language has shaped is related to the orders of reality,hence it is also related to the rhetoric of political reality. Rhetoric emphasizes dialogism and public interest,which are gradually losing since modernism. Literary criticism intends to re-awaken the power of rhetoric,making the relations more interactive between the individual and the real order.