优势证据在行政诉讼中的构成及适用——以廖宗荣案为分析对象

The organization and application of preponderant evidence in administrative lawsuits: take liao zongrong case as an example

《最高人民法院公报》2007年第1期刊载的"廖宗荣诉重庆市公安局交通管理局第二支队道路交通管理行政处罚决定案"运用的"优势证据"标准引起了学界的广泛关注。本文尝试以这一案例为分析样本,通过对判决主文的剖析,希冀从中提炼出"优势证据"的若干构成要件;并通过对相关案例的对比,以期发现优势证据在行政诉讼语境中的适用前提。分析显示,公报案例中的"优势证据"暗含了三个构成要件,分别为身份要件、真实要件、关系要件;而数个案例的对比分析揭示,公报案例中的"优势证据"只适用于一对一证据的情境。

Liao Zongrong Case was published on Vol.1 of Gazette of the Supreme People＇s Court in 2007, which has drawn great attention due to the preponderant evidence standard used by the court. This paper tries to synthesize the elements of preponderant evidence when exploited in administrative lawsuits by analyzing the case. In addition, this paper attempts to find the prerequisites of applying the preponderant evidence in administrative lawsuits through the comparison of several similar court decisions. It shows that the preponderant evidence standard constitutes of three elements, which are identity element, authenticity element and relationship element. Moreover, this standard could only be applied under the circumstances of one-by-one evidence.