龙涧泉岩溶水系统特征

Characteristics of the Longjian spring karst water system

文章以地下水系统理论为指导,对龙涧泉岩溶水系统的边界条件、人工干预条件下地下水动力场演化特征等方面进行了系统的研究。根据区域地质、构造、地形地貌和水文地质条件,探究了龙涧泉岩溶水系统,圈定了系统的范围、边界性质、流动系统内部及其与外部系统之间的关系,确定龙涧泉为系统的唯一天然排泄口,龙涧泉岩溶水系统与白浪岩溶水系统无直接水力联系。龙涧泉岩溶水系统岩溶水补给来源主要是大气降水、河流入渗及侧向径流补给,现状条件下总补给量为864.42万m3/a,多年平均补给量为836.81万m3/a;排泄主要是水源地开采和矿山排水,现状开采量为4 117.2万m3/a。由于开采量大于允许开采量,并超过了总补给量,区内岩溶水一直处于超采状态。2004—2008年矿区岩溶水实测年均下降1.61 m/a,多年(1984—2008)水位平均降幅为5.68 m/a,最大降幅17.42m/a。此外还讨论了岩溶水系统的补给、排泄条件,提出了龙涧泉岩溶水开发、保护、复泉与管理龙涧泉岩溶水系统的建议。

The research area is located in the eastward extension of Xiao mountain in the Qinling Mountain range,with undulating terrain of low mountains and hills.Longjian spring exposes in the Longjian valley near Longjian village in Xin＇an county,Luoyang.In order to provide technical support for sustainable development of karst water resources,boundary conditions and hydrodynamic field evolution under manual intervention were systematically studied,taking groundwater systems theory as a guide.According to the regional geology,structure,topography and hydrogeological conditions,this paper analyzed the karst water system,and delimited the range of the system,boundary features and the relationship between the internal and external flow systems.Finally,the Longjian spring was determined to be the only natural drainage.There is no direct hydraulic connection between Longjian spring karst water system and Bailang karst water system.The main recharge sources of the Longjian spring karst water system are precipitation,river infiltration and lateral runoff recharge.The total recharge is 864.42×104 m3/a,and the average annual recharge is 836.81×10^4 m^3/a.The main discharge sources are water resource exploitation and mine drainage.The exploited quantity is 4,117.2×10^4 m^3/a.Because the exploited quantity is greater than the total recharge,the karst water in the research area has been in a state of over-exploitation.The measured annual average decline from2004 to 2008was 1.61m/a.The water level decline was 5.68m/a in several years（1984to 2008）,and the biggest decline was 17.42m/a.In addition,the recharge and discharge conditions of the karst water system are discussed,and suggestions for exploitation,conservation,recovery and management of the Longjian spring karst water system are given.