我国三条重要国际河流沿岸国之考证

Verification on the Riparian States of China's Three Major International Rivers

一条国际河流的所有沿岸国都有权参与该河流的开发、利用、保护和管理活动。国家利益、国内政治和地缘政治对于国际河流沿岸国的有关政策法律具有重要影响。厘清一条国际河流有哪些沿岸国是一个沿岸国制定其关于该河利用战略和进行国际谈判的基础。黑龙江、额尔齐斯河和伊洛瓦底江是我国的三条重要国际河流。但是,国内外学术界对于它们有那些沿岸国的研究存在缺漏,有着重大错误认识。以原始文献条约和官方文件为基础,结合二次文献,对于它们的沿岸国进行了考证,绘制了示意图。考证的结果是,黑龙江有蒙古国、中国、俄罗斯和朝鲜4个沿岸国,额尔齐斯河有中国、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯和蒙古国4个沿岸国,伊洛瓦底江有中国、缅甸和印度3个沿岸国。

Each riparian state is entitled to participate in the management of the international river concerned under international law. The State interests, domestic politics and geo-politics have important impacts on the relevant policy and law of a riparian of an international river. Clarifying all riparians of an international river is the foundation for a riparian States to formulate its strategy and conduct international negotiation on the utilization of the river. The Heilongjiang （Amur） River, Irtysh River and Ayeyarwady River are major international rivers of China. However, many scholars （ home and abroad） have not recognized all riparian states of each of them, and significant mistakes have been made. Being based on the primary sources （treaties and official documents） , combining the secondary literature, the riparian states of these three international rivers are this verified, and sketch maps are drawn for illustration. The Heilongjiang （Amur） River has four riparian States, i. e. , Mongolia, China, Russia and North Korea. The Irtysh River has four riparian States, i. e. , China, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. The Ayeyarwady River has three riparian States, i. e. , China, Myanmar and India.