宁夏旱作同心圆枣土壤水分运行规律研究

Soil Moisture Dynamic Variation Law of Rain-fed Ziziphus Jujuba Mill Field in Ningxia

2013—2014年,连续2年对旱作4-5年生同心圆枣园土壤水分进行监测研究,结果表明：土壤含水量年际间差异明显,2014年平均土壤含水量在8%-13%,6月至7月下旬土壤含水量为8%-11%,明显低于2013年平均土壤含水量1%-3%,其他时间高于2013年平均土壤含水量。不同土层土壤含水量排序依次为60 cm〉40 cm〉20 cm;20 cm的土壤含水量变化与40 cm的基本一致,但含水量大部分时间比40 cm的低2%-3%。6月上旬以前,距离主干30 cm的土壤含水量大于距离主干70 cm和100 cm的土壤含水量;6月上旬以后,距离主干100 cm的土壤含水量大于距离主干30 cm和70 cm的土壤含水量。在40 cm土层深处施用保水剂能明显提高土壤含水量,大部分时间使土壤含水量比对照提高约3%。为了保障旱作枣树正常生长坐果,需保证6月份以前（枣树开花前）和8月中旬以后（枣树白熟期以后）土壤含水率不低于10%,在6-8月份土壤含水率不低于12%。

During 2013 and 2014, the moisture of the soil of the rain-fed 4-5 years＇ Ziziphus Jujuba Mill garden was monitored for continuous 2 years. The results showed that the soil water contents were significantly different in different years. In2014, the average soil moisture distribution was in between 8% and 13%, but during June to late July, the water content of the soil was from 8% to 11%, 1%-3% lower than the soil moisture of 2013 and in the rest time of the year, the water content of the soil was higher than that of 2013. The soil water contents of different soil depth were in the order of 60cm〉40 cm〉20 cm. The soil moisture content variation of the 20 cm soil was basically the same with that of the 40 cm, but the soil moisture content was 2%-3% lower than that of the 40 cm in most of the time. Before early June, the moisture content of the soil with a distance of 30 cm from the trunk was greater than those with the distances of 70 cm or 100 cm;after early June, the moisture content of the soil with a distance of 100 cm from the trunk was greater than those with the distances of 30 cm or 70 cm from the trunk. The application of water retaining agent in the soil of 40 cm depth could obviously improve the soil moisture content, 3% higher in most of the time compared with the control. In order to ensure the normal flowering and fruit bearing of the rain-fed jujube,the soil moisture contents should not less than 10% at before June（pre-flowering of jujube） or later in mid August（after white mature season of jujube）, not less than 12% from June to August.