清代霍乱病因认知(1820-1911)——以中医和地方文化为中心的考察

The Pathogeny' Cognitive of Cholera in Qing Dynasty(1820-1911)——Study in TCM and Local Culture as the Center

1820年前后霍乱在中国的第一次大流行,开启了人们的霍乱认知之路。中医的霍乱病因认知有追本溯源的意识,面临新型传染病的到来,传统医学亦不断自我调试,展现出从哲学医学向科学医学转型的努力。但受传统医学框架的限制,突破显得纠结和困难。令人惊异的是,在古典霍乱流行病学病因获知之前,中国地方民众对于霍乱的感知极为敏感和准确,其病因查找的靶向性非常明显,并体现出与地方特色和文化相结合的特点。对比同时期国外的霍乱认识可见,其时中国医界乃至民间对此的认识并不落后,19世纪80年代,霍乱弧菌在解剖术及显微镜的帮助下被发现,西医的优越性开始慢慢体现出来。

The outbreak of the first pandemic of cholera during 1820 in China opened people＇s cognition of cholera.Chinese cognition has a trace to its source of consciousness. Facing the arrival of new infectious diseases, traditional Chinese medicine has been self debugging from philosophy medicine to science medicine. But influenced by limitation of traditional medicine frame, breakthrough of Chinese medicine is entangled and full of difficulties. Surprisingly, common Chinese people＇s perception for cholera is extremely sensitive and accurate before the real epidemiology etiology of classical cholera has been learned. Meanwhile, common Chinese people＇s search for etiology target is very clear.Compared with foreign people during the same period, Chinese medicine and common people didn＇t fall behind in the understandings of cholera. When choleraic vibrio was found in 1880 s with the help of microscope and anatomy, the superiority of western medicine began to manifest slowly.