林业科技推广方式方法探讨

On Ways and Means of Promoting Forestry Science and Technology

集体林权制度改革后,林农对林业科技的需求发生了重大变化,需要重新审视和改变过去传统推广方式。围绕推广者、推广项目生成、推广机构、效果反馈和监督管理等推广关键环节,探讨了推广方式方法:1)林改后,林农科技需求趋于多样化,林业专业合作社加入了推广对象的行列,推进专业合作社发展,将能集中解决林农科技需求问题;2)将推广项目进行分类,在贫困地区推广经济效益类项目,在发达地区推广兼顾生态效益类项目,根据林农科技需求,应建立推广项目储备库;3)建立推广机构和推广对象双向选择制和参与式推广方式,推行推广机构认证、认定机制,形成市场主导型推广体系;4)需要改变科研立项和评价机制,以推广价值、解决生产实际问题作为重要衡量标准之一;5)将林业科技推广与林业产业化、林产品进出口贸易及应对绿色贸易壁垒、林产品技术标准体系建设相结合,提高林业产业总产值、林产品科技含量及国际竞争力。

Since the reform on the system of collective forest rights was carried out,great changes have taken place in foresters＇ demand for forestry science and technology. Therefore,the traditional promotion means should be re-examined and changed. The paper explores the ways and means of promoting forestry science and technology in the aspects of promoters,promotion project establishment,promotion agencies,effect feedback,supervision and management.（i） After the reform on the system of collective forest rights was carried out,foresters＇ demand for forestry science tends to diversify. Specialized forestry cooperatives have joined in the ranks of promotion targets,which helps to boost the development of specialized forestry cooperatives and will intensively satisfy foresters＇ needs for forestry science and technology as well.（ii）Promotion projects should be classified based on the economic level in the local areas. In underdeveloped areas projects of economic efficiency should be promoted while in developed areas projects of ecological efficiency should also be promoted besides projects of economic efficiency. Reserve pools of forestry promotion projects should be created for foresters.（iii） The two-way choice system for both promotion agencies and promotion targets should be established and means of participatory promotion should be carried out. The mechanism for promotion agency certification and identification should be implemented. The market-dominated promotion system can be set up.（iv） The mechanism for scientific research project initiation and evaluation should be improved and one of the key evaluation criterions is whether the project is valuable and practical.（v） Forestry science and technology promotion should be combined with forestry industrialization,import and export trade of forest products,dealing with green trade barrier and construction of the technical norm system for forest products so as to enhance the gross value of output in forestry sector,scientific and technological content of forest products and international competitiveness as well.