转基因食品安全性评价研究进展

Review of food safety evaluation on genetically modified food

自1996年全球转基因作物大规模商业化生产以来,转基因作物种植面积以年均10%左右的速度迅速增长,2013年种植面积已达1.75亿hm2。其在解决全球粮食问题、环境保护、提升粮食营养质量和品质、制药以及推动经济可持续发展方面展现了重要作用。但是,随着转基因商业化生产的深入,转基因技术的潜在风险性引起了社会以及国际上更广泛的关注。事实上,在转基因技术出现之初,科学家们就开始关注其安全性问题。相关国际组织(FAO、WHO、CAC、OECD等)经过数次研究制订了一系列与转基因食品安全性有关的评价原则、指南与措施等。随着转基因技术的发展,这些安全评价策略也在不断完善。我国目前已经基本建立了转基因食品的安全评价和管理体系。转基因食品在进入市场前要经过十分全面以及系统的安全性评价,包括营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面,从而保障转基因食品的安全性。

During the past 18 years,the cultivated areas of genetically modified（ GM） crops have increased by an average of 10%annually since their commercialized production starting in 1996. In 2013,the planted area under GM crops reached 175 million hectares. With the spreading of commercial GM production,the potential risks of GM technology caused wider attention of societies all over the world. During the development of GMOs,the relevant international organizations（ including FAO,WHO,CAC and OECD） discussed and formulated a series of principles,guidelines and strategies for safety evaluation of future GMOs. As time goes on,the safety assessment strategies undergone changes and improvements. The safety evaluation and management system of GM food were established also in China. Before GM food enters the market,there is a compulsory food safety assessment,including nutrition,toxicology,allergenicity,etc. The aim of this procedure is to ensure the safety of food produced using GMOs.