欧洲洪水风险图编制经验的启迪

Enlightenment of flood risk mapping in Europe

从洪水风险图发展历程看,欧洲与我国比较相似,洪水风险图的起步时间比较接近,目前也都处在一个大的发展阶段。本文从洪水风险图的发展背景、洪水风险图的种类、洪水分析计算方法、洪水风险图的制作单位和运用方式等多个方面阐述了欧洲的主要做法,对比了与我国洪水风险图编制工作的异同。为进一步适应我国洪水风险管理工作的需要,建议我国尽早开展洪水危险等级划分标准的研究以及包含风险信息的洪水风险图绘制工作,规范参与洪水风险图绘制的洪水分析计算工具,进一步明确洪水风险图的角色和使用方法等问题。

The development processes of flood risk mapping in China and in Europe are quite similar, almost starting at the same time and currently at the stage of rapid development. In this paper, the similarities and differences of the flood risk mapping between China and Europe are compared from several aspects, such as flood risk mapping backgrounds, flood risk map types, flood analysis and calculation methods, flood risk map production units and usage. To further adapt the requirement of flood risk management, it is recommended that the following work be carried out as soon as possible, （1） the research work of flood hazard classification criteria and the flood risk mapping including risk information, （2） specifying flood analysis and calculation tools involved in flood risk mapping, （3） further clarifying the role of flood risk maps and the use of methods.