城市居民气候灾害风险及适应性认知分析——基于上海社会调查问卷

Perception of Climate Disaster Risks and Adaptation of Urban Residents:Analysis Based on the Social Survey of Shanghai

快速城市化、人口和产业集聚加剧了城市的气候暴露度和脆弱性,导致城市气候风险增加。气候适应治理是政府和公众共同减小风险、实现可持续发展的社会进程,气候适应障碍主要来自于适应主体的认知和行为。上海是典型的三角洲型河口城市,社会经济快速发展使其面临巨大的气候变化风险。通过对上海居民调查问卷的分析,发现居民对全球、上海市及自身的气候风险评价逐渐递减,这种认知倾向不利于其自身加强气候适应能力建设以及构建社会风险共担的气候适应治理机制。居民与科学研究者、决策管理部门的气候风险认知差异较大,表明不同利益相关者在气候风险沟通机制上存在障碍。对此,政府部门应加强科普宣传和公众教育,提高公众在参与气候风险治理中的地位;加强公共服务领域的适应能力建设;关注气候脆弱群体,促进社区和居民适应能力建设。

Rapid urbanization and agglomeration of population and industries aggravate urban climate exposure, vulnerability, and thus add to urban climate risks. Climate adaptation is an urgent demand of sustainable development. Climate adaptation is not only a kind of political, economic, or physical process, but also a kind of social process, and the main barriers of climate change adaptation come from the poor perception and action of stakeholders. Shanghai, which is an estuary city, has many climate vulnerable factors and high climate change risks. By analyzing the climate change risk perception questionnaires of Shanghai, it finds that the residents＇ risk assessments of global, Shanghai and themselves become lower accordingly, which may indicate poor risk perception of residents themselves. This is no good to adaptation capacity building of residents and risk sharing mechanism. There are also discrepancies between residents and scientists and decision-makers. These mean that risk communication, disaster education and trainings are needed to improve the public＇s perception and adaptation of climate change. So government should construct adaptation governance mechanism, and improve the role of public participation;strengthen capacity building in public services;pay attention to vulnerable people, and improve adaptation capacity of communities and residents.