淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂的电子束法制备及结构表征

Preparation and Characterization of Starch Grafting Acrylic Acid Superabsorbent via 10 Me V Electron-Beam Irradiation

本文将电子束辐照技术和功能材料制备技术相结合,采用10 Me V电子束辐照法引发糊化的木薯淀粉与部分中和的丙烯酸单体进行接枝共聚反应,并采用N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,制备出一种淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠系高吸水树脂,并通过红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术对木薯淀粉和共聚产物的官能团结构和表面形态进行验证。采用正交试验设计方法分析单体/淀粉比、辐照剂量、交联剂/单体比以及单体中和度对该反应接枝参数以及吸水性能的影响,4种因素的变化均可引起共聚产物的吸水能力变化,影响显著性次序为:单体中和度>单体/淀粉比>交联剂/单体比>辐照剂量。获得最佳吸水性能的反应条件为:AA/St=3.5 g·g-1,MBA/AA=5 mmol·mol-1,辐照剂量D=6k Gy,中和度为70%,上述条件下获得共聚产物的吸水倍数为435 g·g-1。本文为采用电子束法制备高吸水材料提供了科学依据与技术支持。

Superabsorbent polymers are a kind of novel functional polymer network that can uptake and retain a large amount of aqueous liquid. In this work,a starch-graft-polyacrylaic acid superabsorbent crosslinked by N,N ＇-methyl bisacrylamide（ MBA） was prepared under 10 Me V simultaneously electron-beam irradiation at room temperature. The functional structure and surface morphology were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR） and scanning electron microscope（ SEM）. The effects of monomer-to-starch ratio,irradiation dose,crosslinker-to-monomer ratio and neutralization of monomer were evaluated via orthogonal experiments. The variation of all the above factors can affect the absorption of starch grafted copolymer significantly,with an order of neutralization 〉AA / St 〉MBA / AA 〉irradiation dose. Optimization treatments were carried out with a AA / St ratio of 3. 5 g·g- 1,a total dose of 6 k Gy,a MBA / AA ratio of 5 mmol·mol- 1and a neutralization degree of 70%. The copolymer obtained under the above conditions showed maximum absorption of 435 g·g- 1in deionized water. The result of this work would widen the application of EB irradiation in the field of polymer preparation.