辐照水稻秸秆制备吸水性树脂的研究

Preparation of Super Water Absorption Resin Using Acrylic Acid Grafted Onto Rice Straw by Irradiation

本研究利用60Co-γ射线辐照进行引发水稻秸秆接枝共聚,采用红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对水稻秸秆、预处理水稻秸秆、接枝共聚物进行结构表征分析,探讨了水稻秸秆预处理方法、辐照剂量、引发剂用量、单体配比对接枝共聚物的吸水倍率和吸盐水倍率的影响。结果表明:9%Na OH+6%Urea(尿素)水溶液处理后的秸秆纤维素,在辐照剂量为4.5k Gy、单体配比为1∶15、交联剂用量为1.5%时可以达到463倍的吸水倍率和125倍的吸生理盐水倍率。该方法克服了传统方法污染重、能耗高、保水性差等难题,合成出的高吸水性树脂可适用于农业方面的保水剂、肥料控释剂。同进,合理开发利用农作物秸秆,可降低秸秆焚烧对环境的污染。

To develop straws reasonably and reduce environmental pollution,a simultaneous irradiation technique of60Co-γ rays is adopted to graft acrylic acid on to straws. The structural feature of straws,preprocessed straws,and graft copolymer is also analyzed,in which FTIR and XRD are used. The effects of the method of preprocessing straws,the dose of irradiation,the dosage of cross-link agent and monomer ratio on the water absorption and salt resistance of the graft copolymer is studied. The study shows that when the synthesis condition is the straw fibers processed by 9% Na OH and 6% urea solution,the irradiation dose of 4. 5 k Gy,the monomer ratio of 1∶ 15 and the cross linking agent of 1. 2%,a higher water absorbency ratio of 463 could be achieved,or under the condition of the dosage of 1. 5% cross linking agent,an salt water absorbency ratio of 125 could be reached,which overcomes the problems of traditional method of more serious pollution,higher energy consumption,and poorer water retention.