我国成人交通出行方式及时间研究

Research on travel pattern and time of Chinese adults

目的了解我国成人交通出行的方式及时间。方法基于我国居民环境暴露行为模式研究于2011年11月—2012年5月通过问卷调查的方式获得我国31个省、自治区、直辖市居民的交通出行的方式及时间,分析了交通出行的分布特征和影响因素。结果我国56.5%的居民交通出行方式采用步行,37.9%的居民交通出行采用骑车方式,18.8%的居民交通出行采用乘机动车方式;我国居民交通出行累计时间为45 min/d,在各种交通出行方式的时间分配上,我国居民步行时间为30 min/d,骑自行车为30 min/d,骑电动自行车为30 min/d,骑摩托车为30 min/d,乘小轿车为40 min/d,乘公交车为30 min/d。交通出行方式和时间存在一定的地区、城乡、性别和年龄差异;与国外也存在一定的差异。结论在开展我国居民呼吸暴露的健康风险评价时,应该根据评价居民的实际情况,选择合适的参数。

Objective To know the travel pattern and time of Chinese adults. Methods Based on the questionnaire of Chinese Environmental Exposure- Related Human Activity Patterns Survey（ Adults）（ CEERHAPS- A） in residents of 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China from November 2011 to May 2012, the travel pattern and time were obtained,the related distribution characteristics and influencing factors were discussed. Results 6.5% of residents travelled on foot,37.9% by cycling, and 18.8% by car. The accumulated average transport time of Chinese residents was 45 min/d for different patterns, 30 min/d for travelling by walking,30 min/d by bike,30 min/d by electric bike,30 min/d by motorcycles,40 min/d by sedans and 30 min/d by buses respectively,with significant difference of gender, age, urban/ rural and area-specific variability,and different from that of foreign people. Conclusion It is import to choose the appropriate parameters of people in health risk assessment of air pollution.