我国成人洗澡相关暴露活动模式研究

Research on bathing-related activity patterns of Chinese adults

目的为了解我国成人涉水皮肤暴露行为模式(洗澡),为水环境暴露风险提供基本暴露参数。方法基于中国人群(成人)环境暴露行为模式研究,采用调查问卷获得我国31个省、自治区、直辖市居民洗澡场所、方式和时间,分析了相关的分布特征和影响因素。结果我国仍有1.2%的居民具有直接在江、河、湖等地表水中洗澡的行为,其中农村居民直接在地表水中洗澡的人数比例为1.7%,城市居民为0.6%。低年龄段的人群具有该行为的人数比例较高;受教育程度越高的人群,具有该行为的人数比例越低;我国居民采用淋浴和盆池浴的比例分别为72.6%和25.4%。我国居民日均洗澡时间为7 min,低于美国、韩国和日本;城市(8 min)高于农村(6 min)。结论我国居民洗澡时间呈现显著的性别、城乡、年龄和地区差异,开展我国居民洗澡涉水暴露评价时应结合实际情况,选择合适的暴露参数。

Objective To obtain the data of bathing and showering time, and to provide the basic exposure factors for the waterrelated exposure health risk assessment. Methods Based on the questionnaire of Chinese Environmental Exposure-Related Human Activity Patterns Survey（Adults）（CEERHAPS-A）, the data of places, patterns and times for bathing of residents from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China were obtained, and the distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of bathing and showering time were discussed. Results 1.2% of the investigated population took bath directly with the surface water such as rivers and lakes, and among this crowd, rural residents and urban residents accounted for 1.7% and 0.6% respectively; Additionally, this pattern showed a more proportion in the younger or less-educated residents.72.6% and 25.4% of residences took bath with shower and bath, respectively. The daily time spent in taking bath or showering was 7 min for whole population, which was lower than those of American, Korean, and Japanese, and 8 min for urban residents,which was notably higher than that（6 min） of rural residents in China. Conclusion There is significant variance in time spent in bathing and showering in gender, urban and rural areas, age and area-specifiity, it is strongly advised to choose appropriate exposure factors for making water-related health risk assessment.