我国成人土壤暴露相关行为模式研究

Investigation of soil contact time-related activity pattern of Chinese adults

目的了解我国成人与土壤暴露相关行为模式,为估算人体经皮肤接触暴露土壤中污染物健康风险评价提供重要暴露参数。方法基于＂中国居民（成人）环境暴露行为模式研究＂于2011年11月—2012年5月通过问卷调查的方式获得了我国31个省、自治区、直辖市居民的土壤接触时间,分析土壤接触时间的分布特征和影响因素,并与国外进行了对比。结果我国47.1%的居民具有土壤接触行为,我国居民的总土壤接触时间为204 min/d,其中,务农性接触为201 min/d,其他生产性接触为140 min/d,健身休闲性接触为64 min/d,其他情况接触为108 min/d;男女性分别为212和195 min/d;18-44岁、45-59岁、60-79岁和≥80岁居民分别为209、226、198和136 min/d;城市和农村地区分别为168和214 min/d;西北地区最高,华东地区最低。结论在开展我国居民土壤接触暴露相关的健康风险评价工作时,应该考虑到居民的地区、性别和年龄等差异,选用评价居民的实际土壤接触时间参数。

Objective To know the soil contact time-related activity pattern of Chinese adults. Methods Based on the questionnaire of Chinese Environmental Exposure- Related Human Activity Patterns Survey（ Adults）（ CEERHAPS- A） in residents of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from November 2011 to May 2012, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors were discussed and compared with those in foreign people. Results 47.1% of the residents had soil contact behavior. The average soil contact time was 204 min/d for total, 201 min/d for farming, 140 min/d for the other work; 64 min/d for fitness and leisure, and 108 min/d for the others; 212 min/d for male,195 min/d for female respectively; 209 min/d for the people aged 18-44, 226 min/d for aged 45-59, 198 min/d for aged 60-79, and 136 min/d for aged over 80; 168 min/d for the people in urban areas and 214 min/d for the people in rural areas respectively, and showed the highest in northwest China and the lowest in east China. Conclusion It is important to use the parameter values of the actual population in human health risk assessment on exposure to soil pollution.