公共场所室内空气中PM2.5浓度及影响因素分析

Investigation of indoor fine particles in public places and influencing factors

目的了解重庆市不同类型公共场所室内PM2.5的污染水平,探讨其可能的影响因素。方法于2011年1月以重庆市5类（餐馆、集体食堂、医院候诊室、娱乐场所及机关办事大厅）38家公共场所为研究对象,采用光散射法同时测定室内外PM2.5浓度,同时现场记录监测场所的门窗及空调等通风装置的开启状态、室内人员数量、正在吸烟的人员数量及室内外温湿度等,采用多重线性回归模型等统计方法分析室内PM2.5浓度的影响因素。结果 38家公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度为（211±93）μg/m^3,范围为68-468μg/m3,室外PM2.5平均浓度为（198±80）μg/m^3,范围为85-402μg/m^3;室内、外PM2.5浓度比值（I/O值）为1.07±0.23,范围为0.58-1.76,有60.5%（23/38）的公共场所室内PM2.5浓度高于室外。单因素分析结果显示,室内空气PM2.5与室外PM2.5浓度及室外温度均呈正相关（r值分别为0.854,0.451,P〈0.01）。多重线性回归结果表明,室内PM2.5浓度随室外空气PM2.5浓度及室内吸烟密度的增加而升高（P〈0.05）。结论调查期间重庆市公共场所存在较严重的PM2.5污染,室外空气PM2.5浓度及吸烟密度是最主要的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the fine particulate matter（PM2.5） levels in the public places of Chongqing city, and explore the possible influencing factors. Methods In January 2011, a total of 38 public places in five types including restaurants, canteens, hospital waiting room, entertainment venues and official business halls in Chongqing city were selected as the study subjects. Both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were simultaneously monitored by light scattering method.The general information such as opening or closing of doors and windows, air conditioner using, the number of indoor personnels and smokers, as well as indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were also investigated. Multivariate linear regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of indoor PM2.5 levels. Results The average indoor PM2.5concentrations of all 38 public places were（211±93） μg/m^3, ranging from 68 to 468 μg/m^3, while the corresponding average outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were（198 ±80） μg/m^3, ranging from 85 to 402 μg/m^3. The indoor/outdoor（I/O） ratio was 1.07 ±0.23,ranging from 0.58 to 1.76. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations were higher than corresponding outdoor PM2.5 in 60.5%（23/38） of public places. Univariate analysis results showed that indoor PM2.5 concentrations were significantly related to outdoor PM2.5as well as outdoor temperature（Spearman r values were 0.854 and 0.451 respectively, P0.01）. Multiple linear regression model analysis results indicated that indoor PM2.5 concentrations significantly increased with the increase of corresponding outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and indoor densities of smoker（P 0.05）. Conclusion The indoor PM2.5 pollution in public place in Chongqing was serious. The outdoor PM2.5 and indoor densities of smoker were the most important influencing factors.