深圳市女工不良建筑综合征现况及影响因素分析

Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of sick building syndrome in female workers in Shenzhen

目的探讨女工中不良建筑综合征(SBS)及其各类症状的发病率和主要影响因素。方法 2012年5—10月随机抽取深圳市752名女工为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法探讨集中空调通风系统暴露和睡眠质量对SBS及其各类症状的影响。结果女工SBS发生率为19.7%(148/752)。在校正其他混杂因素的条件下,暴露于集中空调的女工发生SBS的危险性是自然通风者的3.45倍,发生一般症状、眼睛症状、呼吸道及口腔症状、皮肤症状的危险性分别是自然通风者的3.20、5.32、6.40和6.17倍;睡眠质量差的女工发生SBS的危险性是睡眠质量好者的6.78倍,发生一般症状、眼睛症状、呼吸道及口腔症状的危险性分别是睡眠质量好的女工的7.53、22.85和9.38倍。结论暴露于集中空调、睡眠质量差等因素会增加女工发生SBS的风险,应减少其在集中空调环境中的暴露,并提高其睡眠质量。

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of sick building syndrome（SBS） and its subdivisions in female workers. Methods Participants were 752 female workers randomly chosen from May to October, 2012 in Shenzhen;Self-administrated questionnaire were used to explore the effects of central air-conditioning system（CAS） exposure and sleep quality on SBS and its subsets. Results After adjustment for confounders, CAS exposure and poor sleep quality were risk factors of SBS and its subsets. Risk of causing SBS in female workers exposed to CAS was 3.45 times than that of natural ventilation, while in general symptoms, eye symptoms, respiratory symptoms and skin symptoms, the odd ratios were 3.20, 5.32,6.40 and 6.17 respectively. The female workers with poor sleep quality showed higher risk of SBS in general symptoms（OR=6.78）,eye symptoms（OR=7.53）, respiratory symptoms（OR=22.85）, oral symptoms（OR=9.38） compared with those with good sleep quality. Conclusion CAS exposure and poor sleep quality can increase the risk of SBS and its subdivisions occurrence in female workers. Reducing the CAS exposure time, improving sleep quality and enhancing body immunity are necessary in female workers to keep health.