中国花生主栽品种抗旱性鉴定及其遗传多样性分析

Identification of Drought Resistance in Peanut( Arachis hypogaea L. ) Main Cultivar in China and Analysis of its Genetic Diversity

为明确花生主栽品种的抗旱性,筛选抗旱资源。选取68份我国花生主栽品种为材料,将其在正常灌溉和干旱胁迫环境下种植,利用5个农艺性状的耐旱系数和2个生理指标的综合评价值D,分析性状的相关性和多样性指数,同时对材料进行聚类。结果表明：单株结果数耐旱系数的变异范围最广为0.51~1.75,变异系数均值为21.54%,总分枝数耐旱系数的变异系数均值最小为13.55%;在不同的水分条件下,植株稳产性受总分枝数、结果枝数、结果节数、单株结果数、叶绿素和冠层温度的影响;不同性状多样性指数变异范围为1.67~2.09;聚类分析将供试材料分为4个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群材料抗旱性最强,第Ⅲ类群抗旱性最差,具有较强抗旱能力材料名称为冀花2号、冀花4号、丰花1号、花育20、天府11号和开农8号。该结果可为抗旱育种中亲本选配提供依据。

In order to evaluate the drought resistance of peanut varieties and screen drought resistant geno-types,this study selected 68 peanut varieties widely grown in China and planted them in well-watered and drought stress environments,respectively. The correlation,diversity index and clustering analysis of these materials were analyzed based on drought tolerance index of 5 agronomic traits and comprehensive appraisal D value of 2 physiological index.The results showed that the drought tolerance index of pod numbers per plant had the widest variation from 0. 51 ~ 1.75 and the average coefficient of variance（ CV） was 21. 54%. The drought tolerance index of branch numbers had the smallest CV of 13. 55%. Under different water stress,the grain yield stablity was affected by the numbers of branch,bearing branch,bearing node,pods per plant,chlorophyll content and canopy temperature. The variation range of different traits diversity indices were from 1. 67 ~ 2. 09. The experimental materials were clustered into 4groups,the Ⅰ group showed the strongest tolerance to drought and the Ⅲ group displayed the poorest drought tolerance. The varieties named Jihua 2 and Jihua 4,Fenghua 1,Huayu 20,Tianfu 11 and Kainong 8 had better drought resistance. The identification of varieties drought resistance would provide basis for selecting drought resistant parents in breeding.