北京市四季青学区二～五年级小学生膳食营养状况

Study on the dietary status of primary school students in Beijing Sijiqing Education District

目的了解北京市四季青学区小学生的膳食营养状况,为指导学生养成科学的膳食行为提供参考。方法选择北京市海淀区四季青学区8所小学7-13岁的二-五年级1 436名学生为研究对象,进行3 d的24 h回顾性膳食问卷调查。结果 11-13岁组男、女生平均每日能量摄入量分别占推荐值的87.6%和88.8%,女生平均每日蛋白质摄入量占推荐值的87.2%;其余各年龄组男、女生平均每日能量和蛋白质摄入量基本达到推荐值水平。膳食能量来源中,碳水化合物供能比例为40.8%,低于参考范围下限;而脂肪供能比例为45.6%,高于参考范围上限。各年龄组营养素平均每日摄入量除了铁、维生素E达到推荐值外,钙、锌、维生素A、维生素C平均每日摄入量均小于推荐值,分别占推荐值的38.8%-61.3%,67.6%-90.0%,51.1%-92.5%,10.2%-18.5%。一日三餐早餐、午餐、晚餐的供能比例分别为26.2%,34.8%,29.8%,基本合理。结论北京市四季青学区小学生膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡。建议学校加强对学生的相关营养教育,保证学校营养午餐的质量,并加强与家长联系,改善学生在家中膳食营养。

Objective To explore the dietary status of primary school students in Beijing Sijiqing education district.Methods A total of 1436 students aged 7- 13 years from 8 primary schools in Sijiqing education district of Haidian district in Beijing were selected.A 3-day dietary recall questionnaire was conducted.Results The daily intake of energy of the boys and girls aged 11-13 were 87.6%,88.8% of the recommended volume and daily intake of protein of girls aged 11-13 was 87.2% of recommended volume,which were a little less than the recommended volume.Other students＇ daily intake of energy and protein nearly reached the recommended volume.For sources of energy,the proportion of carbohydrate was 40.8% which was less than the recommended volume,while that of fat was 45.6% and more than the recommended volume.The daily intake of Fe and Vitamin E were more than the recommended volume while Ca,Zn,vitamin A,and vitamin C were 38.8%-61.3%,67.6%-90.0%,51.1%-92.5%,10.2%-18.5%,which were all less than the recommended volume.In general,the proportions of energy from breakfast,lunch and dinner were 26.2%,34.8%,29.8%,which were consistent with the recommended volume.Conclusion The dietary pattern is unreasonable and intakes of nutrients are out off balance among students.Therefore,schools should strengthen health education of students and ensure the quality of school lunch in Sijiqing Education District.In addition,schools should contact with the parents to improve dietary nutrition of children at home in order to promote children＇ s health.