无锡市中小学生尝试吸烟行为及其影响因素分析

Tobacco smoking and related factors among primary and secondary school students in Wuxi

目的了解无锡市青少年尝试吸烟行为现况及影响因素,为开展学校控烟工作提供科学依据。方法 2012年10月对整群随机抽取的无锡市2 467名中小学生进行匿名自填式吸烟知识行为问卷调查。结果学生自报有尝试吸烟行为的比例为5.11%,男生高于女生,高年级学生高于低年级学生,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为21.006,10.507,P值均〈0.05）。126名尝试吸烟的学生中,第一次尝试吸烟年龄主要分布在7岁（27.78%）和14-15岁（20.63%）,第一次尝试吸烟的场所主要在自己家里（61.86%）和社交场所（18.64%）,第一支烟的来源主要为父母给的（44.07%）、自己偷偷拿的（27.73%）和校外朋友给的（22.03%）。尝试吸烟行为的危险因素是男生（OR=2.90,95%CI=1.88-4.46）、高年级（初中OR=3.80,95%CI=1.86-7.76;高中OR=10.84,95%CI=5.21-22.57;高职OR=13.44,95%CI=6.28-28.77）、父亲和（或）母亲吸烟（OR=1.52,95%CI=1.01-2.30）、校园内有人吸烟（OR=2.46,95%CI=1.50-4.04）、曾经买过烟（OR=13.71,95%CI=6.50-28.93）和不知晓吸烟危害（OR=2.87,95%CI=1.18-7.00）。结论青少年缺乏吸烟危害相关知识、生活环境中广泛存在的吸烟文化和宽松的吸烟环境是促成学生发生尝试吸烟行为的影响因素。除了向青少年普及烟草危害,还应教育家长减少孩子接触烟草的机会,落实学校无烟政策。

Objective To investigate current situation about tobacco smoking and related factors among adolescents in Wuxi,and to provide scientific evidence for tobacco control strategies.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in October2012,and students in Wuxi were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously.Results Of 2 467 valid questionnaires,5.11%（P〈0.05） of students reported having tried to smoke,with senior students higher than juniors（P 0.05）.Among126 students reported tobacco smoking,the first time of trying to smoke happened at the age of seven-year-old（27.78%） and 14-15-year-old（20.63%）,and 61.86% happened at home,18.64% at social sites,and the cigarette was mainly offered by parents（44.07%）,secretly taken by oneself（27.73%） or offered by friends outside school（22.03%）; the risk factors of trying to smoke was boy（OR = 2.90,95%CI = 1.88- 4.46）,senior class [middle school（OR = 3.80,95% CI = 1.86- 7.76）; high school（OR =10.84,95%CI = 5.21-22.57） ]; vocational school（OR = 13.44,95% CI = 6.28- 28.77）,father and（or） mother smoking（OR =1.52,95%CI = 1.01-2.30）,smoking behavior seen on campus（OR = 2.46,95%CI = 1.50-4.04）,having experience of buying cigarette（OR = 13.71,95%CI = 6.50-28.93） and without the awareness of health hazards caused by smoking（OR = 2.87,95% CI =1.18-7.00）.Conclusion The lacking of awareness about smoking health hazards,the cigarette culture,and the allowance of smoking environment may increase smoke initiation among adolescents.In addition to health education for teenagers,parents should be taught to reduce the exposure of tobacco to their children,and smoke-free policies should be implemented in school urgently.