大学生抑郁自杀意念及影响因素的路径分析

Path analysis on the influencing factors of suicide ideation among college students in Beijing

目的了解高校大学生抑郁和自杀意念的现状及影响因素,为高校大学生的自杀干预体系的建立提供理论依据。方法采用抑郁自评量表和自杀意念量表,对采用分层整群随机抽取的北京地区6所高校抽取的1 186名在校大学生进行问卷调查,通过影响因素的路径分析,对影响大学生抑郁及自杀意念的因素进行了分析。结果有398名大学生存在抑郁状况,占33.56%;307名大学生有自杀意念,占25.89%。路径分析结果表明,抑郁状况、心理健康服务中心、专业以及专业满意度可直接影响自杀意念,路径系数分别为0.280,-0.105,0.194,-0.102;健康状况、学习成绩、宗教信仰、家庭和睦状况、心理服务利用意愿、心理健康服务中心,以及专业满意度可通过影响抑郁状况而间接影响自杀意念。结论北京地区高校大学生的自杀意念比例较高。高校应加强自杀预警和干预体系,预防大学生自杀行为的发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of depression and suicide ideation among college students,and to provide theoretical basis for establishing suicide prevention system in universities in China.Methods Totally 1 186 qualified participants were selected by using multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were used in data analyses.Results The number and rate of regression and suicide ideation were 398 persons,33.56% and 307 persons,25.89% respectively.From the results of pathway analysis,depression status,mental health service center,type of major,and satisfaction of major can directly affect suicide ideation.Health status,academic record,religious belief,family harmony status,psychological services using intention,mental health service center,and satisfaction of major can indirectly affect suicide ideation（P 0.05）.Conclusion The incidence of suicide ideation among college students in Beijing was high.Colleges should take measures to establish and perfect the suicide prevention system to guard against the suicidal behavior of college students.