大学生既往校园欺负行为与心理健康现况的关联

Experiences of school bullying involvement and its relationship with current general mental health among university students

目的了解大学生群体的既往校园欺负行为,探讨儿童青少年在中小学各阶段的校园欺负行为流行状况及其与大学阶段心理健康状况的关联程度。方法在上海市2所高考录取分数线不同的高校,按照分层整群抽样方法,对1 911名大学生进行匿名问卷调查,分别询问不同学段6种不同形式的受人欺负和欺负他人行为经历,并对目前的心理健康状况、日常学习和生活压力水平、感受到的社会支持水平进行测量。结果 42.8%的被调查大学生自我报告曾经卷入校园欺负,17.3%仅受过欺负,4.7%仅欺负过他人,20.8%既受过欺负又欺负过他人。10.2%的大学生自我报告在小学、初中、高中3个阶段均持续受过欺负,占全部受欺负者的26.7%;9.2%报告持续欺负过他人,占全部欺负者的35.9%。与未卷入校园欺负者相比,曾经仅受欺负、仅欺负他人、既受欺负又欺负他人者大学时心理健康状况不良的危险性分别增加49.1%,138.1%和123.8%;任意1个时期、任意2个时期和全部3个时期都卷入校园欺负者,心理健康状况不良的危险性分别增加10.1%,124.9%和191.8%。结论中小学阶段校园欺负行为普遍且持续存在;过往无论受欺负还是欺负别人,都会对大学时期的心理健康产生不良的影响。要在中小学阶段尽早开展校园欺负行为的干预。

Objective To explore the prevalence characteristics and continued existence of school bullying behavior from primary to senior high school stages,and to examine its relationship with current mental health status in general among university students. Methods A total of 1 911 undergraduate students selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling strategy from two universities in Shanghai which had different admit line of college entrance examination finished self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey. Participants＇ past experiences of six forms of school bullying / victimization during elementary,junior and senior high school periods were retrospectively collected. Current status of mental health were measured by SCL- 90. Some important covariates like daily life stress level,social support level,and social demographic characteristics factors were also collected. Results About 42. 8% undergraduate students self-reported that they were involved in school bullying in past school periods,with 17. 3% victims only,4. 7% bullies only,and 20. 8% bullies victims. Approximately 10. 2% were bullied all along the three stages from primary to junior high school,and 9. 2% were bullies always. Compared to those who had not involved,the risks of poor mental health increased by 49. 1%,138. 1% and 123. 8% for victims,bullies,bullies victims,respectively; and,the risks increased by 10. 1%,124. 9% and 191. 8% for those involved for 1 stage,2 stages,and 3 stages,respectively. Conclusion School bullying behaviors existed widely and continuously among Chinese school age children. For university students,past experiences of school bullying could have independent effect on poor mental health. Therefore,it is important to implement school bullying intervention activities as early as possible.