北京市昌平区中小学生2002—2012年常见病监测结果分析

Analysis of common disease surveillance results of primary and secondary school students in Changping District Beijing city between 2002- 2012

目的了解北京市昌平区近10 a学生常见病的发展变化情况,为制定学生常见病防治重点和对策提供依据。方法由昌平区疾病预防控制中心与中小学卫生保健站专业技术人员收集昌平区近10 a学生健康体检结果,学生健康卡上指标均按照卫生部下发的"学校卫生年报表填报说明及技术规范"的统一要求进行测量、记录和评价,统一测量方法、评价标准,体检仪器、器械保证在检测的有效期内使用。将学生体检结果导入SPSS 19.0统计软件进行描述性分析。结果中、小学生视力不良和肥胖检出率较高,并呈逐渐上升趋势(P<0.05)。中、小学视力不良和肥胖平均检出率分别达到65.06%,39.26%和17.88%,16.44%;视力不良率分别上升33.04,30.12百分点,肥胖率分别上升6.63,7.09百分点。中、小学生营养不良平均检出率为15.78%,10.50%,总体呈上升趋势(P<0.05);龋齿检出率分别达到28.02%和12.26%,无明显升降趋势;贫血和沙眼检出率分别达到1.95%,1.18%和2.93%,4.55%;贫血率基本波动在3.0%以下;沙眼患病率近年来不到1.0%。结论应重点加强学生视力不良、肥胖以及小学生营养不良的防治工作。

Objective To understand the development and changes of students＇ common diseases in Changping District in recent 10 years,and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of common diseases. Methods Students＇ health examination results in past 10 years were collected by professional and technical personnel,students＇ health card indices were measured,recorded and evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the ＂ unified school health making statements and technical specifications＂ measurement issued by the Ministry of Health. Evaluation method,the unified measurement standard,physical examination instrument,equipment were ensured to use within the detection validity period. The results of physical examination were put into the SPSS 19. 0 statistical software for descriptive analysis. Results The detection rate of poor eyesight and obesity was high in children and increased gradually（ P 0. 05）. In primary school,poor eyesight and obesity rate achieved 65. 06%,39. 26% and 17. 88%,16. 44% respectively; poor eyesight rate increased by 33. 04%,30. 12%,6. 63%,7. 09% respectively,the average detection rate of obesity,malnutrition in children was 15. 78%,10. 50%,respectively with an overall upward trend（ P 0. 05） of 4. 81%increase; The average detection rate of dental caries in primary and middle school students reached 28. 02% and 12. 26% respectively with no significant increasing or decreasing trend; The detection rate of anemia and trachoma of primary students and secondary students was 1. 95%,1. 18% and 2. 93%,4. 55% respectively; The fluctuation of the anemia rate was below 3%,and trachoma no more than 1% in recent years. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of students＇ poor eyesight,obesity and malnutrition should be strengthened,publicity and education of students and parents should be strengthened,students should be trained to develop good eating and physical behavior and schools should be urged to effectively implement the relevant prevention and control measures.