2001-2012年新疆融雪型洪水时空分布特征

The temporal and spatial distribution features of snowmelt flood events in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2012

利用2001-2012年新疆区域内发生的融雪型洪水资料,分析研究了近12 a新疆融雪型洪水时空分布特征.结果表明:新疆融雪型洪水与前一年10月至当年3月新疆全站总累计降水量大小相关,降水量大的年份,对应的融雪型洪水发生次数也多;冬末至夏季融雪型洪水在北疆地区基本上是从西向东、从南向北的先后顺序出现,而在南疆地区的融雪洪水基本上是从西向东、从北向南先后顺序出现.新疆融雪型洪水主要集中出现在春夏季,其中,北疆地区在3月,南疆地区在7月发生较多;伊犁河谷、昌吉、阿勒泰、和田等地区及青河、乌鲁木齐、阿克陶、民丰等市县是新疆融雪型洪水的高发区.

As water resources,flood caused by meltwater from snowcover and glacier is the important sources to supply glacial runoff and the lifeblood,without which the oasis agriculture in dry regions in West China cannot survive and develop. The topography of Xinjiang is various and complicated,with high mountains and steep slopes mostly in mountainous regions, where rivers gather water fast, flood easy takes place and water conservancy facilities are relatively poor. Therefore,disasters such as glacier flood and snowmelt flood become a potent threat to the local residents and important defense line＇s safe operation. Under the general background of global warming,the frequency of flood disasters is increasing in Xinjiang,especially meltwater flood from snowcover and glacier. This situation will cause a serious loss to people＇s lives and property and other facilities,such as traffic lines,reservoirs and channels. Thus,it is more important to discuss the predictability of these disasters.In this paper,using the snowmelt flood data in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2012,the resent characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of snowmelt flood in Xinjiang is analyzed. The results indicate that the snowmelt flood is correlated with precipitation from early Oct. to Mar. in Xinjiang. In the year of more precipitation,the snowmelt flood is more frequent in correspondingly. Basically,the snowmelt flood occurs in the order from west to east and from south to north in northern Xinjiang,while from west to east and from north to south in southern Xinjiang. Temporally,the snowmelt flood in Xinjiang mostly appears in spring and summer. In northern Xinjiang it occurs more frequently in March,but in southern Xinjiang it occurs more frequently in July. The Ili,Changji,Altay and Hotan Prefectures and the Qinggil,rümqi,Akto,Minfeng City / County are the highincidence areas of snowmelt flood.