国内研发、对外开放与偏向性技术进步——以我国工业行业为例

Domestic R&D,Opening up to the Outside World and Biased Technological Progress——Take Chinese Industry as An Example

本文在给出技术偏向程度定义的基础上分析了国内研发及对外开放对其造成的影响,进一步利用我国工业行业国内研发及进口、出口、FDI数据进行检验,结果表明,国内研发、出口和FDI使得技术进步偏向资本,即使得资本边际产出的提高多于劳动边际产出的提高,且国内研发的作用远大于出口和FDI的作用,而进口对技术进步偏向的影响不显著。进一步将数据分为资本品行业组和非资本品行业组分别加以分析,发现资本品行业组国内研发和出口使得技术进步偏向资本,进口与FDI使得技术进步偏向劳动,非资本品行业组的结果和分组之前的结果相差不大。结论是国内研发和对外开放均对技术进步偏向产生了不可小觑的影响。

Based on the definition of technology bias degree,this paper analyzes the effects caused by domestic R&D and opening up to the outside world and further tests by the data on domestic R&D,import,export and FDI of Chinese industry. The results indicate that domestic R&D,export and FDI make technological progress bias toward capital. Even though the marginal output rise of capital is more than that of labor and the roles of domestic R&D are bigger than those of export and FDI and the effects of import on the bias of technological progress are not significant. This paper further classifies data into capital goods industry group and noncapital goods industry group to analyze and finds that the domestic R&D and export make technological progress bias toward capital and import and FDI make technological progress bias toward labor. The results of noncapital goods industry group are not greatly different from those before being grouped. The conclusion is that domestic R&D and opening up to the outside world have generated great effects on technological progress bias.