摘要
为了识别核电厂数字化主控室操纵员的认知行为特性和主要认知失误,基于操纵员的认知任务分析,从监视、状态评估、响应计划和执行四个"认识域"来构建操纵员认知行为模型,并发展基于模型的认知失误分类,进一步识别出操纵员的认知行为分布。结果表明,操纵员的认知行为主要表现为简单的技能型和规则型认知行为,减少了复杂的知识型认知行为。在此基础上,通过核电厂小偏差和事件报告分析,识别出操纵员的认知失误分布及其原因,主要失误包括看/听、认读、状态解释失误、操作目标错误以及错误的操作等,主要原因涉及人-机界面设计、培训和监管等问题。
In order to identify the characteristics of operator＇s cognitive activities and main cognitive errors in digital main control room of nuclear power plants,the paper bases on the operator′s cognitive task analysis to establish operator′s cognitive activity model from the four＂cognitive domains＂namely monitoring,situation assessment,response planning and response implement,and the model-based cognitive error classification,and identify the distribution of operator＇s cognitive activities.The results show that the operator′s cognitive behavioral mainly belong to simple skills-based and rules-based cognitive behavior,the complex knowledge-based cognitive behavior is reduced.Furthermore,the distribution of cognitive errors and causes leading to errors are identified by the analysis of small deviation and incident reporting of nuclear power plants.The main errors include watching/listening,recognition,situation interpretation error,incorrect operation target and erroneous operation,and the main reasons involve human-machine interface design,training and supervision issues.
出处
《工业工程与管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期128-134,共7页
Industrial Engineering and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71071051
71371070
71301069)
岭东核电公司科研项目(KR70543)
湖南省战略性新兴产业产学研创新平台创新能力建设项目(2012GK4101)
南华大学管理科学与工程重点学科项目
关键词
认知行为
认知失误
核电厂
数字化主控室
cognitive activity
cognitive error
nuclear power plant
digital main control room
