铁皮石斛组织快繁及移栽培养

Tissue Culture and Transplanting of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

为了筛选出铁皮石斛的最佳组织培养培养基、最佳移栽基质、最适菌剂种类和施用方式,选取具有1~2片叶片的铁皮石斛分化苗在3种常用组培培养基上培养,11周后,统计平均株高、茎粗、根长、鲜质量的增长量、平均产生新根数、新孽数;选取相同长势的铁皮石斛组培苗,在2种常用兰科植物培养基质上移栽,将3株优良兰科菌根真菌制成4 g·L-1的单一液体菌剂,对铁皮石斛移栽苗分别进行蘸根、灌根,90 d后,统计成活率、平均鲜质量、株高、茎粗增长量、平均新根数。结果显示：MS＋0.34 g·L-1KNO3＋100 g·L-1土豆提取液＋2.4 g·L-1植物凝胶＋30 g·L-1蔗糖培养基上生长的铁皮石斛苗平均株高增长量、平均鲜质量增长量、平均新根数、平均分蘖数极显著大于其他两组处理;移栽于V（珍珠岩）∶V（仙土）∶V（松树皮）∶V（活苔藓）=1∶1∶1∶2基质上的铁皮石斛幼苗除平均新芽数略低于移栽于V（花生壳）∶V（石灰岩）∶V（蛭石）∶V（活苔藓）=1∶1∶1∶2基质上的铁皮石斛幼苗外,其他生长指标均高于后者,其中新根数显著高于后者;施用Dh57菌剂的铁皮石斛幼苗在成活率、平均新根数、生长量方面显著高于施用Do60、Ph03菌剂的铁皮石斛幼苗,在株高、茎粗增长量方面极显著高于另外4组处理;施用Ph03菌剂的铁皮石斛幼苗平均新芽数极显著高于施用Dh57、Do60菌剂的处理组;同一菌剂蘸根处理的幼苗生长指标均高于灌根处理。

To sift the optimal tissue culture medium,transplantation medium,fungal inoculants and their application method of Dendrobium officinale,we chose the seedlings with one or two leaves to transplanted on three commonly used culture medium,and after 11 weeks,we took the statistic of the data of the average increase of plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight,root length,new root number,and new tiller number. The seedlings with the same quality after cultured were selected to be transplanted to two commonly used matrixes,fertilized by three excellent growth-promoting orchids mycorrhizal fungi strains with concentration of 4 g·L-1by dipping the root into hyphae suspensions or irrigation with hyphae suspensions. After 90 d,we calculated the data of survival rate,average fresh weight growth,plant height growth,stem diameter growth,new tiller number. Seedings grew on MS＋0.34 g·L-1-KNO3＋100 g·L-1potato extract ＋2.4 g·L-1plant gel＋30g·L-1sucrose medium with higher quality in average increase of plant height,fresh weight growth,new root number,new tiller number,showed a significant difference with the other two. Seedlings transplanted on 1 cm perlite＋1 cm soil（ a generally used matrix for orchids） ＋2 cm live moss were superior to those transplanted on peanut（ 1 / 3） ＋shell limestone（ 1 / 3） ＋vermiculite with 0.1 cm diameter（ 1 / 3） considering all indexes but the amount of new budlets. Seedlings applying Dh57 inoculants preceded these applying Do60 or Ph03 in survival rate,amount of new root number,average increase of plant height,stem diameter,however,were inferior to these applying Ph03 considering amount of new budlets. Seedlings had an obviously higher quality with the inoculants application mode of dipping rather than irrigation.