汽车轻量化材料及制造工艺研究现状

Research state of lightweight material and manufacture processes in automotive industry

汽车轻量化是汽车产业发展的主要方向之一,能有效减轻车身自重,是实现汽车节能减排最直接而有效的手段。主要阐述了汽车轻量化采取的两种主要途径:一种是采用轻量化材料,如高强钢、铝合金、镁合金、塑料、复合材料等;另一种是采用先进的车身制造工艺,如热成形、激光拼焊、液压成形等。重点介绍了轻量化材料及先进的制造工艺在汽车轻量化中的应用现状,综述了轻量化领域中新材料、新工艺的最新研究进展,总结了目前国内外研究的热点、难点问题。基于目前的研究现状,提出了未来汽车轻量化技术的发展趋势。

Automotive lightweight is one of the main interests for the development of automotive industry, therefore, effective reduction on the weight of whole body is a direct and effective method to save energy and reduce emission. There are two main approaches expounded. One is to use the lightweight materials of high strength steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, plastics, composites, etc. The other is to use the advanced manufacturing processes such as hot forming, laser tailor-welded, hydro-forming, and so on. It was mainly introduced that the current research about the lightweight materials and the advanced manufacturing processes and their application in automotive lightweight technology, and the latest research development about new materials and technologies reviews were summarized. Then the hot spot problems at home and abroad were put forward. Based on the above research status, the development trends about automotive light- weight technology in the future were proposed.