岩质路堑边坡坡向和坡位对植被自然恢复的影响

Effects of Slope Aspect and Position on Vegetation Nature Restoration of Highway Rocky Cut Slope

针对未防护的岩质路堑公路边坡,选取了岩性、结构与构造、建成年代、坡度、周围环境等基本相同的路段,对自然恢复植被的盖度、地上生物量、高度、物种在阴坡、阳坡及上坡、中坡、下坡空间的变异性进行了观测研究。结果表明,公路边坡自然恢复的植被的盖度、物种类型、物种数量、地上生物量在阴阳坡上存在显著差异(P<0.01),表现为阳坡盖度57.2%、生物量212.1g·m-2、物种数量为15,阴坡盖度80.0%、生物量534.8g·m-2、物种数量为20,阴坡明显大于阳坡;植被的盖度、物种类型、物种数量、地上生物量在不同坡位上不存在明显差异(P>0.05),表现为上坡盖度65.0%、生物量264.3g·m-2、物种数量为6.3,中坡盖度72.5%、生物量507.0g·m-2、物种数量6.3,下坡盖度68.3%、生物量372.7g·m-2、物种数量7.2,不同坡位之间的植被自然恢复差异不显著。

The spatial variability of vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass,height,species are measured on different slope position and aspect of highway unprotected rocky cut after vegetation nature restoration with almost the same lithology,rock texture,rock-mass structure,construction time,gradient,and surrounding.The results show that significant difference of vegetation coverage,species type,number of species,aboveground biomass existed between south slope and north slope（P〈0.01）.The vegetation coverage of south slope is 57.2%,aboveground biomass is 212.1g·m^-2,number of species is 15,but vegetation coverage of northern slope is 80.0%,aboveground biomass is 534.8g·m^-2,and number of species is 20.The values of northern slope are bigger than those of the south.The dominant species of south slope is also different from northern slope,and the south is hispid arthraxon,while the north is cotton grass.No significant effects on vegetation coverage,species type,number of species,aboveground biomass existed among up-slope,mid-slope and down-slope（P〉0.05）.The vegetation coverage of up-slope is 65.0%,aboveground biomass is 264.3g·m^-2,number of species is6.3,the mid-slope are 72.5%,507.0 g · m^-2,6.3 respectively,the down-slope are 68.3%,372.7g·m^-2,7.2respectively.There is no significant difference of nature vegetation restoration existed among different slope positions.