“德国模式”外贸发展成功经验及对中国的启示

The Success of “German Model” of Foreign Trade Development and Lessons for China to Learn

近年来,随着进出口额的迅速增大,中国的经济实力日益崛起,但中国一直以来却是遭遇贸易壁垒最多的国家,而与中国贸易同样走在世界前列的德国,外贸发展平稳,贸易摩擦少,形成独特的"德国模式"。"德国模式"是二战后德国特有的社会市场经济模式,它的成功基于对外贸易产业结构合理、政府支持力度大、出口产品科技含量高、进口贸易施行对等性、高度重视服务贸易等因素。中国发展对外贸易,可积极借鉴"德国模式"的成功经验,通过完善政策支持、把握产业趋势、促进产业升级、优化出口商品结构等,既发挥市场的竞争性、企业的创造性和个人的积极性,又通过高税收、高福利等社会保障措施来调整市场失灵对公平的扭曲,最终实现政府职能、社会发展和个人利益共同进步。

With rapid increase in imports and exports in recent years,China＇s economic strength is rising,but China has long been the country with the largest trade barriers. But Germany,whose trade has also led the world like China,develops smoothly in foreign trade and has much less trade friction,thus forming the unique＂German model＂.＂German model＂has been the unique social market economy model since the World War II,and the success of the＂German model＂is based on the reasonable foreign trade industrial structure,strong support from government,high technology elements in export product,equivalence of the import and export trade,and great emphasis on services trade. Drawing lessons from the successful experiences of the＂German model＂,China can develop foreign trade by further perfecting government＇s policy support,grasping industry trends,promoting industrial upgrading,and by optimizing the structure of export commodities. Such measures give play to market competition,the creativity of enterprise,the initiative of individuals,and adjust the distortion of the fairness resulting from market failures through high taxes and generous welfare and other social security measures,and finally realize the common progress of government functions,social development and the interests of individuals.