晚清州县政府禁止民间私贩硝磺研究——以《南部档案》为依据

Study of State and County Government's Prohibition on Saltpeter and Sulfur Smuggling in Late Qing Dynasty——Based on Nanbu County Archives in Qing Dynasty

根据现由南充市档案馆馆藏《清代南部县衙档案》中兵房保存的相关档案,结合《同治年增修南部县志》及《南部县乡土志》考察晚清时期州县政府禁止民间私贩硝磺中官方态度的变化和民间应对官方态度的变化等问题,发现《清代南部县衙档案》中涉查禁私硝的相关文书始于雍正七年,雍正七年到光绪十三年初均未出现类似案件,直到光绪十三年方才再现。此外,南部县和其他州县衙门对待私贩硝磺犯人的处理也有所不同,并未严格按照《大清律例》规定严格执行。就所没收硝磺的处理,对于被查没的私硝,同样未完全按照《大清律例》的相关条款处理,而是地方政府在省政府的默许下,按照自身地域条件或就地贩售,或归公存案。在民间,与贩售硝磺相关的诬告案件成堆出现,令南部县为查证和审理该类案件耗费了一定的人财物成本。

According to the related barracks files of Nanbu County Archives in Qing Dynasty in Nanchong archives,Nanbu County Annals Re-Compiled in Tongzi Period and Local Annals of Nanbu County,the author studied the changes in official attitudes towards the state and county government＇s prohibition on saltpeter and sulfur smuggling in the late Qing Dynasty and changes in citizens＇ responses. It＇s found that in Nanbu County Archives in Qing Dynasty literature on saltpeter smuggling prohibition dated back to the 7th year of Yongzheng（AD 1729）. But there were no such records between the 7th year of Yongzheng and the early 13 th year of Guangxu（AD 1887）. After the 13 th year of Guangxu,records on such cases reappeared.In addition,different from other state and county government offices,Nanbu county didn＇t strictly follow The Great Qing Legal Code when dealing with saltpeter and sulfur smugglers,and when dealing with the confiscated smuggled saltpeter and sulfur. Instead,with the acquiescence of provincial government,the local government sold or turned in everything captured. At the nongovernmental level,trumped-up charges related with saltpeter and sulfur smuggling piled up,which cost Nanbu county human resources,and material and financial resources in the verification and hearing of such charges.