也谈越王勾践的“忍辱负重”

Also On King Gou Jian's Swollowing the Humiliation For an Important Mission

越王勾践"忍辱负重"的形象从先秦至两汉是不断变化的。在先秦有代表性的文献中,《左传》并没有提到勾践的"忍辱负重",《国语》反映了勾践能忍辱负重,但表现不够具体。经过《史记》和《吴越春秋》的描绘,越王勾践"忍辱负重"的形象更为鲜明,也更真实可感。勾践"忍辱负重"的形象变化与上述著作的成书有关。

The image of King Gou Jian＇s swollowing the humiliation for the important mission changed constantly from the preQin to the two Hans. Zuo zhuan, a representative literature in the pre-Qin period, made no mention of it. Though we could find the trace of it in Kuo Yu, the description was not detailed yet. There were later another two books, Shi Chi and Wu Yue Chun Qiu that have depicted the story; and it was after that that the image of the king＇s enduring the disgrace turned to be much clearer and vivider.However, the study shows that the variation of Gou Jian＇s image is greatly related to the edition of the works above.