大气扩散在防化领域中的研究进展

Research advance review on the atmospheric dispersion for nuclear,bioligical and chemical defense

回顾了大气扩散研究的发展历程,根据动力学原理将大气扩散模式的发展分为高斯扩散模式、准静力模式、非静力模式、CFD软件、单向耦合模式和双向耦合模式6代。从核生化武器效应、核生化武器销毁危害预测与评价、核生化事故危害预测与评价几方面剖析了防化领域的大气扩散问题,论述了大气扩散在防化领域中的研究现状。提出了大气扩散数值模拟在核生化安全和核生化防护领域中需要进一步发展的研究方向。

This paper intends to make a research advance review over the history of development of atmospheric diffusion models by dividing them into six generations based on the kinetic theory,Gauss diffusion models,quasi-hydrostatic models,non-hydrostatic models,CFD software,from meso-scale to CFD unidirectional coupled models and from atmospheric to CFD double-sided coupled models. Needless to say,the paper thinks it necessary to involve nuclear,biological and chemical（NBC） defense,for they are closely related to the atmospheric dispersion and NBC weapon effects,NBC weapons destruction,NBC accident hazard prediction and assessment,anti-nuclear and biochemical terrors and so on. The paper has also analyzed the atmospheric diffusion problems and their influence on efficiency of NBC weapons,hazard prediction and assessment of NBC weapons destruction. As is known,NBC weapons are banned internationally,and as a result,it becomes clear that the development of numerical simulation on NBC weapons effect has been made comparatively lag-behind. And,as a matter of fact,NBC hazard prediction and assessment models have been brought about from the semi-empirical models to numerical models,and numerical models have been pushed forward from quasi-hydrostatic models to non-hydrostatic models,which may consider simultaneously the dynamic effect of complex terrains and the thermal effect of complex underlying surfaces for NBC aerosol diffusion. In addition,this paper has also made a review of the advances on the destruction of Japanese abandoned chemical weapons（JACWs）. On the one hand,the research on the meso-scale and small-scale NBC weapons hazard prediction and assessment turns to be relatively mature,on the other hand,the micro-scale NBC hazard diffusion simulation technologies are still being developed. The optimal control of NBC weapons and inversion of the sources tends to be the most favorable development orientations in the future.