甘肃省镇原县农村15岁以上人群甲型病毒性肝炎防治知识及相关行为调查

Survey on the Prevention and Control Knowledge and Associated Behaviors of Viral Hepatitis A in Rural Population Over 15 Years Old in Zhenyuan County,Gansu Province

目的了解甘肃省镇原县农村15岁以上人群甲型肝炎防治知识知晓情况及相关行为现状,为制定有效的甲肝防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用整群分层抽样法在镇原县19个乡镇随机抽取10个乡镇540名15岁以上人群进行甲型肝炎防治及相关行为调查。结果人群甲肝防治知识知晓率在23.52%-94.63%,平均为64.96%。对甲肝传播途径和预防措施的知晓率在40.00%-66.30%,对其他肝炎的知晓率在23.52%-39.26%。不同性别、年龄、职业和文化程度的人群甲肝防治知识得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。24.63%的人不记得自己是否患过肝脏疾病,32.96%的人不清楚周围人是否患过肝脏疾病。人群卫生习惯形成率在16.48%-94.44%,平均56.71%;有＂饭前洗手,便后洗手,家中切肉的案板和刀具生熟分开使用,家中餐具固定分开使用,不带儿童参加婚丧嫁娶＂等习惯的在16.48%-32.59%;92.04%的家中厕所为旱厕,距离食用水源50 m以下的占43.7%。人群甲肝疫苗接种率39.26%,34.81%的人疫苗接种史不清楚。结论镇原县农村15岁以上人群甲肝防治知识知晓率较低,卫生习惯普遍较差,甲肝疫苗接种率也比较低。应针对不同层次人群,采取不同的宣传方式,加强甲肝防治知识宣传教育。

Objective To understand the prevention and control knowledge and associated behaviors of viral hepatitis A in rural population over 15 years old in Zhenyuan county,Gansu province,and to provide references for formulating effective countermeasures.Methods With stratified sampling method,540 individuals above15 years old were surveyed in 10 randomly selected townships in all 19 townships of the whole county.The survey content included prevention and control knowledge on viral hepatitis type A and associated behaviors.Results The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge ranged from 23.52% to 94.63%,averaged at 64.96%.The awareness rate of transmission route and prevention measures ranged from 40.00% to66.30% and the awareness rate of other type hepatitis ranged from 23.52% to 39.26%.The difference of scores on gender,age,occupation and education degree were all statistically significant（ P 0.05）.A proportion of 24.63% respondents did not remember whether suffered from hepatitis diseases and 32.96%were unclear whether around person suffered from hepatitis diseases.The formation of health habit ranged from 16.48% to 94.44%,averaged at 56.71%.There were 16.48% to 32.59% respondents had formedthe habit of ＂wash hand before meal and after toilet,separate usage of chopping board and choppers on raw and cooked food at home,fixed separation usage of tableware and not take children to weddings and funerals.There were 92.04% respondents had dry latrine and 43.7% had a distance less than 50 m from the drinking water.The vaccination rate of hepatitis A was 39.26% and 34.81% had an unclear vaccination history.Conclusion The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge on hepatitis A is relatively low.The heath habit is poor and the vaccination rate is low.Targeted propaganda and health education should be both implemented with regards to different populations.