北太平洋夏季海温的时空变化特征

The Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of Sea SurfaceTemperature in Summer in the North Pacific

利用NOAA,NCEP和NCAR的1854~2009年北太平洋区域（10°S-60°N,120°E-80°W）海表温度（SST）资料,采用EOF、谐波分析和小波分析等方法,详细探讨了北太平洋夏季（6~8月）SST的时空变化特征。结果表明：160年来北太平洋夏季SST的空间变化主要分为3种模态,第一横模态为全区一致型,该模态振幅最大值中心位于菲律宾群岛附近的暖池区;第二模态为东西差异型即ENSO模态,该模态反映了中东太平洋SST与西太平洋暖池的反位相变化。第三模态为南北差异型,反映了东北太平洋SST与赤道太平洋SST的南北反位相变化,振幅中心位于阿拉斯加湾暖流附近。北太平洋SST具有显著的年际、年代际和多时间尺度的周期变化特征。北太平洋SST年际变化显著的区域位于：日本海一带,我国大陆以东洋面,北太平洋中部30°N附近,北太平中部45°N附近,北美海岸山脉以西,墨西哥以西,赤道中、东太平洋亚洲大陆一带洋面。北太平洋SST从19世纪50年代中期至20世纪70年代末期偏低,20世纪80年代初期至今呈持续上升趋势。北太平洋SST具有周期为3~6年的年际变化,还叠加有周期分别为21.11年,27.86年,18.28年的年代际变化。北太平洋SST高值年和低值年分别与厄尔尼诺年和拉尼娜年对应。

Utilizing the data of sea surface temperature（SST）from NOAA,NCEP and NCAR between 1854 to 2009in the North Pacific area（10°S- 60°N,120°E-80°W）and adopting several analytical methods,including EOF,harmonic analysis and wavelet analysis,the article explores the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of North Pacific SST in summer（June to August）in details.The results are shown as follow：（1）In recent 160 years,the variation of the North Pacific SST in summer can be divided into three modes.The first one is the all the same mode,whose center of maximum amplitude is located in the warm pool near the Philippine Islands;the second one is East-west different mode,namely the ENSO mode,which reflects the anti-phase variation of SST in central and eastern Pacific and in the warm pool of western Pacific.The third one is South-north different mode,which reveals the north-south anti-phase variation of SST in the Northeast Pacific and in the equatorial Pacific,and its amplitude center is located near the warm current of Gulf of Alaska.（2）North Pacific SST has significant features of inter-annual,inter-decadal and multitime scale periodic variation.The area having significant inter-annual variations of the North Pacific SST locates in the Sea of Japan area,which is in the oceans surface of east of China,near the 30°N of the central North Pacific,near the 45°N of central North Pacific,in the west of the coast ranges of North America and in the west of Mexico,and in the ocean surface of central equator,eastern Pacific and the Asian continent.The North Pacific SST was a little low from the middle of 1850 sto the late of 1970 s,while it has continued to rise since the early of 1980 still now.The North Pacific SST has a period of 3-6years＇ inter-annual variation.In addition,its period of inter-decadal variation is 21.11 years,27.86 years and 18.28 years.The North Pacific SST＇s high-value-year and low-value-year respectively corresponds to El Nino year and La Nina year.