《考工记》之“成规法”辨析

A Further Discrimination about“Link nine to construct a circle”in KAO GONG JI

通过角弓制作与习射实践,发现《考工记》"弓人为人"里的"合九而成规"(即"成规法")可以重新解读,认为其意并非9张角弓在上弦时首尾相接组成一个整圆,按郑玄及贾公彦的注释可以推理出其本意是指在角弓下弦后的反曲状态,但依据这些注释所给的数量关系和实际效果相比较,发现这种后人的注释仍有不切实际的内容.因此推断《考工记》中的"成规法"是一个比较理想化的用以界定天子、诸侯和士兵的一种礼制规范.

Based on research and practice of making horn bow and shooting for many years, the author thinks that the meaning of ＂Link nine to shape a circle＂（or ＂Circling method＂） in the ＂bowyer making bow＂ chapter of KAO GONG JI should been understood as joining nine bows without string one by one to shape one circle instead of joining nine bows with string. According to the interpretations made by ZHENG Xuan and JIA Gongyan,the original meaning is the contrary flexure state of arcs without strings, but there are still some unrealistic contents in those interpretations. Therefore, the ＂Circling Method＂ in KAO GONG J I is a relatively idealized etiquette system to distinguish among emperors,vassals,and soldiers.