麻醉科医院感染的调查与预防措施研究

Clinical characteristics of nosocomial infections in anesthesiology department and prevention and control measures

目的探讨麻醉科发生医院感染的临床特点及预防控制对策,为早期预防和控制麻醉科医院感染提供科学依据。方法对2012年12月-2014年3月行麻醉手术的1 259例患者发生医院感染临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨麻醉科医院感染的临床特点及危险因素,并总结预防控制措施。结果 1 259例行麻醉手术患者发生医院感染72例,感染率为5.72%;其感染率最高的疾病为恶性肿瘤29例占40.28%,其次为消化系统疾病22例占30.56%、循环系统疾病15例占20.83%;医院感染部位主要为呼吸道感染25例占34.72%、手术部位感染19例占26.39%、泌尿道感染11例占15.27%;年龄、合并基础疾病、存在意识障碍、有侵入性操作、预防性应用抗菌药物、手术切口分类、手术时机、手术时间与医院感染相关。结论针对麻醉科医院感染的危险因素,采取综合性的干预措施,可有效预防和控制医院感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infections in the anesthesiology depart -ment and put forward the prevention and control measures so as to provide scientific basis for the early prevention and control of nosocomial infections in the anesthesiology department .METHODS A total of 1 259 patients who un-derwent the anesthesia from Dec 2012 to Mar 2014 and were complicated with nosocomial infections were enrolled in the study ,and the clinical data of the participants were retrospectively analyzed ;the clinical characteristics of the nosocomial infections in the anesthesiology department and the risk factors were observed ,and the prevention measures were put forward .RESULTS Of the 1 259 patients who underwent the anesthesia ,the nosocomial infec-tions occurred in 72 cases ,with the infection rate of 5 .72% .The incidence of nosocomial infections was the high-est in the patients with malignant tumor （29 cases ,40 .28% ） ,followed by the patients with gastrointestinal dis-ease （22 cases ,30 .56% ） and the patients with circulation system disease （15 cases ,20 .83% ） .Among the cases of nosocomial infections ,the patients with respiratory tract infections accounted for 34 .72% （25 cases） ,the pa-tients with surgical site infections 26 .39% （19 cases） ,the patients with urinary tract infections 15 .27% （11 ca-ses） .The incidence of the nosocomial infections was associated with the age ,complication of underlying disease , disturbance of consciousness ,invasive operation ,antibiotics prophylaxis ,type of surgical incision ,timing of sur-gery ,and operation duration .CONCLUSION It is an effective way to take comprehensive interventions aiming at the risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the anesthesiology department so as to prevent the nosocomial in -fections .