全承载式客车正面碰撞安全性的改进

Improvement of a monocoque-body for coach frontal impact safety

研究了国内某量产全承载式客车的正面碰撞安全性,并改进其设计。采用有限元方法和多体动力学方法,建立了该客车的仿真模型、驾驶员约束系统仿真模型,进行了50 km/h正面碰撞仿真研究。客车的结构改进包括:在客车前端增加了吸能结构;为驾驶员约束系统匹配了安全带以及安全气囊。对改进后的模型进行了50 km/h正面碰撞仿真,计算了假人头部损伤值、胸部压缩量、大腿部伤害值。结果表明:改进后该客车50 km/h正面碰撞安全性有了较大提高,驾驶员损伤参数值均在乘用车正面碰撞乘员保护法规(GB11551-2003)参考值范围内。因此,将50 km/h作为客车正面碰撞试验速度在理论上具有可行性。

Frontal impact safety was investigated for a monocoque-body coach mass-produced in China to improve its structural design. Two simulation models were established for the coach and its driver restraint system by using a ifnite element method and a multi-body method to simulate a 50 km/h frontal impact experiment. Some structural modiifcations contained an energy absorbing structure designed in front, a safety belt and a frontal airbag which were matched for the driver restraint system. The 50 km/h frontal impact for the improved coach was simulated to calculate the head injury, the chest delfection and the thigh injury. The results show that the improved coach’s safety is improved signiifcantly for the 50 km/h frontal impact; and the driver injury values are al within the arrange of IARVs （Injury Assessment Reference Value） in a frontal colision event to passenger car while according to a Chinese Regulation （GB11551-2003） of the occupant protection. Therefore, selecting 50 km/h as the coach frontal impact speed is feasible in theory.