γ-氨基丁酸及其受体功能的研究与应用现状

Research and Application Status on Physiologic Functions ofγ-Aminobutyric Acid and Its Receptors

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种功能性非蛋白质氨基酸,是重要的抑制性神经递质。GABA通过与其受体结合从而具有多种功能及调节作用。随着对GABA研究的逐渐深入,其功能已经在各个领域得到了广泛的应用,尤其在食品及畜牧业中,对富含GABA的食品、饲料的开发及在动物生产中的应用已成为国内外研究的热点之一,因此,对GABA的研究具有较广阔的前景。论文从GABA及其受体的生理特性,对认知功能障碍的调节、对疾病的治疗及缓解、对酒精和药物成瘾作用等生理功能及GABA在实际中的应用进行了综述,并提出了今后应重视的问题。

γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）,both a natural functional amino acid and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter,shows its biological and regulation roles by binding with GABA receptors.In this paper,the physiological characteristics of GABA and its receptors,its regulation of the postoperative cognitive dysfunction,its treatment of diseases,its effects on alcohol and drug addiction as well as its application in practice were reviewed,and meanwhile some issues to be noted in the future were also proposed.With the gradual deepening of research on GABA,its functions have found extensive application in various fields.The development and application of GABA-rich food and fodders in animal production have become one of hot topics of research in the food and animal husbandry in particular.Therefore,the research on GABA has a more promising future.