1996-2013年上海虹桥机场低能见度及低跑道视程特征分析

Characteristics of Low Visibility and Low Runway Visual Range in Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport during 1996-2013

利用1996—2013年上海虹桥机场逐时地面观测资料,对影响机场正常运行的主导能见度低于800m（低能见度）和跑道视程（RVR）低于550m（低RVR）时次的出现次数进行统计分析,得到以下结论：1996—2013年虹桥机场除2002年低RVR时次出现较多外,其余年份均为低能见度时次出现更多;低能见度及低RVR时次出现次数分别以5.7次/年和2.6次/年的速率减少;季节变化特征显示两者均在12月出现最多,9月出现最少,11月至次年2月是两者出现的高频季节,5—9月为低频季节;一天中低能见度及低RVR多集中出现于19：00—01：00（世界时）,其中23：00达各自峰值;进入夜间后低能见度时次的出现比率首先较大,后半夜开始低RVR影响逐渐凸显。虹桥机场低能见度时次出现次数随能见度数值的降低呈先减少后增多趋势,低RVR时次则在150~200m及0~50m两个区间出现次数较多。

By using the hourly visibility and runway visual range（RVR）observation of nearly 20years（1996-2013）,the annual,seasonal,and daily variation characteristics of low visibility（〈800m）and low RVR（〈550 m）in the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport are analyzed.Results show that low visibility appeared more frequently than low RVR in almost all years except 2002.From 1996 to 2013,the numbers of both low visibility and low RVR events showed decreasing trends by the rate of 5.7 times/year and 2.6 times/year,respectively.The low visibility and low RVR appeared most frequently in December,while the least in September.For both,November to February was the high-frequency period and May to September is the low-frequency period.As for daily variation characteristics,low visibility and low RVR events occur usually in 19：00-01：00UTC with the peak at 23：00UTC.During the night,the appearing rates of low visibility are greater first,and afterwards the impaction of low RVR events becomes prominent gradually from midnight to early morning.Along with the decreasing of visibility,the number of low visibility events decreases at first then increases.Meanwhile,the number of low RVR events is relatively greater in the ranges of 150-200 mand 0-50 m.