农民工工作时间与其身心健康的关系

The Association between Working Hours and Physical and Mental Health among Rural- urban Migrant Workers in China

目的:本研究试图通过对中国农民工工作时间与其心理健康和自报健康之间关系的实证分析,为提出改善农民工劳动保障的政策提供依据。方法:利用描述性分析、相关分析和多元逻辑回归模型的统计方法对"2008年中国农民工基线调查"数据中16周岁以上且从事有偿工作的5844名农民工进行分析。结果:被访农民工平均每周工作时间长达(63.1±17.8)小时,自报有心理障碍的比例为22.9%,自评健康不好的占15.6%。多元逻辑回归分析显示,在控制了人口及社会经济特征、工作环境因素、前3个月患病状况后,工作时间与心理及自评健康之间呈显著负相关。周平均工作50小时和60小时以上的农民工自评健康不好或有心理障碍的可能性显著高于周平均工作40及以下小时的农民工。此外,性别、受教育程度、工作合同类型及前3个月患病状况与自评健康和心理健康均有较强的相关关系。结论:农民工工作时间长,自报有心理障碍的比例较高,且长工作时间对农民工身心健康均有显著的负面影响。建议相关部门制定和实施具体的劳动保障政策与措施,规范企业用工行为,缩短农民工工作时间,使其劳动权利及身心健康得到保障。

Objective：To examine rural -urban migrant workers＇working hours and its association with their self-reported physical and mental health,so as to provide empirical evidence for the improve-ment of labor security policies for migrant workers.Methods：Descriptive,correlation and multivariate lo-gistic regression analyses were conducted among migrant workers aged 16 years and older who were en-gaged in paid work using data from the 2008 wave of Migrant Workers＇Survey in China（ n=5,844） .Re-sults：The average weekly working hours of sampled migrant workers were 63.1（SD=17.8）.22.9% of the respondents reported having poor mental health,and 15.6%had poor physical health.Multivariate lo-gistic regression models showed strong negative associations between working hours and self-rated health status and mental disorder after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,work environment fac-tors and illness in the past three months.Compared with those who had worked 40 hours or less per week, migrant workers who had worked longer than 50 hours or 60 hours per week were significantly more likely to reported having poor self-rated health status or mental disorder.In addition, gender, education and work contract type were significantly associated with poor self-reported health status and mental disor-der .Conclusion：Migrant workers have extended working hours which are associated with an elevated risk of mental and physical health problems.Policies and intervention measures aim at reducing migrant work-ers＇working hours and protecting their physical and mental health should be developed and implemented.