人格、自尊与农村留守老人主观幸福感的关系

The Relationships between Self- esteem,Personality Trait and Subjective Well- being of Rural Left- behind Elderly

目的:探讨留守经历对农村留守老人人格和自尊的影响,考察人格、自尊与农村留守老人主观幸福感的关系。方法:采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表(MUNSH)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)和自尊评定量表(SES)对随机抽取的321名农村留守老人和298名农村非留守老人进行调查。结果:t检验结果表明,留守老人组的主观幸福感低于非留守老人组(P<0.01);留守老人组的外倾性、自尊低于非留守老人组(P<0.05),神经质高于非留守老人组(P<0.05),精神质差异无统计学意义;相关分析显示,外倾性、自尊与农村留守老人主观幸福感正相关(r=0.57,0.53;均P<0.01),神经质、精神质与农村留守老人主观幸福感负相关(r=-0.58,-0.16;P均<0.01);多元回归分析显示,神经质、外倾性、自尊(P均<0.01)有效预测农村留守老人主观幸福感,神经质、自尊和外倾性累积解释49.90%的总变异。结论:人格和自尊是影响农村留守老人主观幸福感的重要因素。

Objective：To explore the influence of left-behind experience on rural left behind elderly＇personality and self-esteem.And explore the relationships between the personality trait,self-esteem and subjective well-being of the rural left-behind elderly.Methods：Memorial University of Newfoud-land Scale of Happiness（MUNSH）,EPQ-R Short Scale（EPQ-RSC）and Self-Esteem Scale（SES） were administrated to 321 rural left-behind elderly and 298 rural no -left-behind elderly.Results：Subjective well-being of rural left-behind elderly was lower than that of no-left-behind elderly（ P〈0.01） .The extroversion and self-esteem of rural left-behind elderly were lower than those of rural no-left-behind elderly（ P〈0.05） ,the neuroticism of the rural left-behind elderly was higher than that of the rural no-left-behind elderly（ P〈0.05） ,there was no significant differences of psychoticism be-tween two groups.Positive correlations were observed between subjective well-being and the extrover-sion,self-esteem of the rural left-behind elderly（r=0.57,0.53;P〈0.01）.Conversely,negative cor-relations existed in subjective well-being and neuroticism and psychoticism of the rural left-behind eld-erly（r=-0.58,-0.16;P〈0.01）.Multiple regression showed that neuroticism,extroversion,self-esteem could predict subjective well-being of the rural left-behind elderly（P〈0.05 for all）.The neuroticism, extroversion and self-esteem cumulative explained 49.90%of the total variation.Conclusion：Personali-ty trait and self-esteem are the important factors to influence the subjective well-being of the rural left-behind elderly.