几种杀菌剂对意大利蜜蜂的安全性评价

Acute toxicity and safety evaluation of several fungicides to Apis mellifera L.

为评价几种杀菌剂对意大利蜜蜂的急性毒性和安全性,测定了11种杀菌剂对蜜蜂的急性接触毒性和15种杀菌剂对蜜蜂急性经口毒性,结果表明:11种杀菌剂对蜜蜂的接触毒性,氟硅唑为高毒,丙环唑和咪鲜胺为中毒,丙森锌、苯醚1甲环唑、石硫合剂、甲基硫菌灵、烯酰吗啉、氟菌唑、武夷菌素和三环唑为低毒;15种杀菌剂对蜜蜂的经口毒性,丙环唑和抑霉唑为中毒,咪鲜胺、丙森锌、苯醚甲环唑、石硫合剂、甲基硫菌灵、烯酰吗啉、氟菌唑、三环唑、春雷霉素、代森锰锌、腐霉利、嘧霉胺和烯唑醇为低毒。因此,应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用高毒杀菌剂氟硅唑,慎重选择中等毒性杀菌剂丙环唑、咪鲜胺和抑霉唑,尽量选择对蜜蜂低毒杀菌剂,以保护蜜蜂的安全。

Acute toxicities and safety evaluation of several fungicides to honeybee （Apis mellifera L.） were studied by contact method and oral method. The results showed that among 11 fungicides tested, flusilazole exhibited high contact toxicity, propiconazole and prochloraz exhibited moderate contact toxicities, and propineb and difenoconazole, lime sulphur, thiophanate-methyl, dimethomorph, triflumizole, wuyimycin and tricyclazole exhibited low toxicities. Among 15 fungicides tested, propiconazole and imazalil showed moderate oral toxicities, prochloraz, propineb, difenoconazole, lime sulphur, thiophanate-methyl, dimethomorph, triflumizole, tricyclazole, kasugamycin, maneozeb, procymidone, pyrimethanil and diniconazole exhibited low oral toxicities. Therefore, in order to protect honeybee, we should prohibit flusilazole, carefully use propiconazole, prochloraz and imazalil and try to choose fungicides of low toxicities to honeybee in activity area of honeybee.