蜜源植物金柑的开花泌蜜规律研究

The regular of blooming and nectar secreting of kumquat's flower

通过观察金柑花期的现蕾数、现蕊数、开花数和谢花数研究金柑花的开花方式、开花周期和泌蜜规律,为金柑授粉提供科学参考。实验结果表明,金柑每年至少有3个集中的花期,花期约8天,两次花期间隔8或9天。第一花期所开的花朵数目最多,第一花期和第二花期第一天开始现蕾,第四天达到盛花期,第六天开始大量谢花。第三花期开花数目与前两次相比明显降低,花期第一天开始现蕾,第三天达到盛花期,第五天开始大量谢花。单个花期金柑树上、中和下三个部位的开花数量,阳面和阴面的开花规律,白天和夜间的开花方式均无显著差异。金柑花的泌蜜主要集中在开花后的第一天,在上午时段泌蜜量最大,单花泌蜜量为10mg,中午和下午泌蜜较少,傍晚比下午略有增多。开花后第二天,泌蜜量很少。单花泌蜜总量常在15mg和20mg之间。第二花期泌蜜规律和第一花期泌蜜规律基本一致,单花泌蜜总量低于第一花期。第三花期泌蜜量与前两次相比显著的减少。金柑树的各个部位,金柑果园的阳面和阴面其泌蜜量之间的差异则不显著。花蜜糖分浓度通常是在中午时分最高,可达40%。

In order to research the regular of blooming and nectar secreting of kumquat＇s flower, the number of the bud, stamen, flower and withered flower and the regular of secreting nectar were observed. Kumquat tree has three blooming period in every year. The period of each blooming is about eight days and the interval between each blooming is nine or ten days. In the first blooming period, the numbers of the flowers are the most. During the first blooming peri- od, the bud begun appeared on the first day, the most flowering stage appeared ers begun to wither on the sixth day. The numbers of flowers during the second and time of bud begun to appear, most flowering stage and most of the flowers on the fourth day, and most of the flowblooming period are less, but the regular begun to wither are the same as the first blooming period. The third blooming has the least /lowers. The bud begun to appear on the first day, most flowering stage begun on the third day, and most of the flowers begun to wither per, middle and low part of kumquat tree are the same. side of orchard, in day and night are the same one. The The regular largest on the fifth day. The style of blooming style on the of blooming on the upsunshine side and dark secreting nectar of kumquat flower usually occurred on the first day after blooming. The quantity of nectar is the largest in the morning （10mg）, which is just a little in the midday and afternoon, and which is more in the evening than that in afternoon. By the second day, the nectar is little. The total quantity of secreted nectar of each flower are between 15mg and 20mg. During the second blooming period, the secreted nectar is lees than the flower during the first blooming period. On the third period of blooming, the quantity has decreased obviously. The quantity of secreted nectar of the different parts of kumquat trees and the sun side and dark side of orchard has no obvious difference. The sugar concentration of nectar has the highest level on the midday. The highest one are higher the forty percent.