聚合抗水稻病害基因的花培后代抗病性与籼粳性分析

The Analysis of Disease Resistance and Indica-japonica Characteristic of Anther Culture Descendant with Polymerization of Rice Disease-resistant Genes

利用分子标记辅助选择与花药培养、常规育种技术相结合,快速实现广谱显性抗白叶枯病基因Xa23、抗稻瘟病基因Pi-1和抗条纹叶枯病基因Stvb-i聚合,培育出的10份种质资源,不仅聚合了抗这3种病害基因,而且其抗病程度均能稳定遗传且高效表达抗病;通过程式指数法对其进行籼粳性鉴定,其中3个为偏粳型、7个为粳型,为今后更好地发挥其杂种优势利用提供技术支撑。结果表明,通过分子标记辅助选择与花药培养（N6培养基）交叉进行,聚合多种抗病基因培育抗多种病害的粳稻是切实可行的。花药培养可使目标基因迅速纯化,分子标记可早期高效地选择出目标植株,达到完美结合,不仅提高了育种速度,还缩短了育种年限。从配组到选育出目标品系只需要2~3 a的时间,比常规育种快2~3 a。

The gene pyramiding of broad-spectrum dominance genes of bacterial leaf blight resistant gene Xa23, rice blast resistant gene Pi-1 and rice stripe resistant gene Stvb-i were implemented quickly respectively and 10 germplasm resources were obtained. Those resources not only had three polymerized genes, but also their resistance levels could be stable inheritance and expression. 3 partial japonica and 7 japonica types were identified by Program Index Method. Those findings would provide technical support for better use of heterosis. The results showed that breeding multiple-disease resistant rice by polymerizing molecular marker-assisted technology and anther culture alternately was proved actually feasible. Anther culture could purify the target gene quickly and molecule marked technology might sort ideal plants out effectively. The perfect combination of those two methods not only improved the speed of breeding, but also shortened the term for breeding. The time from the distribution group to the selected target strains in the study was 2-3 years, 2-3 years less than those of conventional breeding technology.